en； the strong soldiers carrying the women。 As the crowds crossed the river； from both banks arose the sound of lamentation。
Liu Bei was much affected as he saw all this from the boat。
〃Why was I ever born；〃 said he； 〃to be the cause of all this misery to the people？〃
He made to leap into the river； but they held him back。 All were deeply sympathetic。 When the boat reached the southern shore； he looked back at the weeping crowds waiting still on the other bank and was again moved to tears。 He bade Guan Yu hasten the boats before he mounted and rode on。
When Xiangyang came in sight； they saw many flags flying on the walls and that the moat was protected by barbed barriers。
Liu Bei checked his horse and called out； 〃Liu Zong； good nephew！ I only wish to save the people and nothing more。 I pray you quickly open the gates。〃
But Liu Zong was too frightened to appear。 Cai Mao and Zhang Yun went up to one of the fighting towers and ordered the soldiers to shoot arrows down on those without the walls。 The people gazed up at the towers and wept aloud。
Suddenly there appeared a general； with a small following； who cried out； 〃Cai Mao and Zhang Yun are two traitors。 The princely Liu Bei is a most upright man and has e here to preserve his people。 Why do you repulse him？〃
All looked at this man。 He was of eight…span height； with a face dark brown as a ripe date。 He was from Yiyang and named Wei Yan。 At that moment he looked very terrible； whirling his sword as if about to slice up the gate guards。 They lost no time in throwing open the gate and dropping the bridge。
〃e in； Uncle Liu Bei；〃 cried Wei Yan； 〃and bring your army to slay these traitors！〃
Zhang Fei plunged forward to take Cai Mao and Zhang Yun； but he was checked by his brother； who said； 〃Do not frighten the people！〃
Thus Wei Yan let in Liu Bei。 As soon as he entered； he saw a general galloping up with a few men。
The newer yelled； 〃Wei Yan； you nobody！ How dare you create trouble？ Do you not know me； General Wen Ping？〃
Wei Yan turned angrily； set his spear； and galloped forward to attack the general。 The soldiers joined in the fray and the noise of battle rose to the skies。
〃I wanted to preserve the people； and I am only causing them injury；〃 cried Liu Bei distressed。 〃I do not wish to enter the city。〃
〃Jiangling is an important point。 We will first take that as a place to dwell in；〃 said Zhuge Liang。
〃That pleases me greatly；〃 said Liu Bei。
So they led the people thither and away from Xiangyang。 Many of the inhabitants of that city took advantage of the confusion to escape； and they also joined themselves to Liu Bei。
Meanwhile； within the inhospitable city； Wei Yan and Wen Ping fought。 The battle continued for four or five watches； all through the middle of the day； and nearly all the batants fell。 Then Wei Yan got away。 As he could not find Liu Bei； he rode off to Changsha and sought an asylum with Governor Han Xuan。
Liu Bei wandered away from the city of Xiangyang that had refused shelter。 Soldiers and people； his following numbered more than a hundred thousand。 The carts numbered scores of thousands； and the burden bearers were innumerable。 Their road led them past the tomb of Liu Biao； and Liu Bei turned aside to bow at the grave。
He lamented； saying； 〃Shameful is thy brother； lacking both in virtue and in talents。 I refused to bear the burden you wished to lay upon me； wherein I was wrong。 But the people mitted no sin。 I pray your glorious spirit descend and rescue these people。〃
His prayer was fraught with sorrow； and all those about him wept。
Just then a scout rode up with the news that Fancheng was already taken by Cao Cao and that his army were preparing boats and rafts to cross the river。
The generals of Liu Bei said； 〃Jiangling is a defensible shelter； but with this crowd we can only advance very slowly； and when can we reach the city？ If Cao Cao pursue； we shall be in a parlous state。 Our counsel is to leave the people to their fate for a time and press on to Jiangling。〃
But Liu Bei wept； saying； 〃The success of every great enterprise depends upon humanity。 How can I abandon these people who have joined me？〃
Those who heard him repeat this noble sentiment were greatly affected。
In time of stress his heart was tender toward the people；
And he wept as he went down into the ship；
Moving the hearts of soldiers to sympathy。
Even today； in the countryside；
Fathers and elders recall the Princely One's kindness。
The progress of Liu Bei； with the crowd of people in his train； was very slow。
〃The pursuers will be upon us quickly；〃 said Zhuge Liang。 〃Let us send Guan Yu to Jiangxia for succor。 Liu Qi should be told to bring soldiers and prepare boats for us at Jiangling。〃
Liu Bei agreed to this and wrote a letter which he sent by the hands of Guan Yu and Sun Qian and five hundred troops。 Zhang Fei was put in mand of the rear guard。 Zhao Yun was told to guard Liu Bei's family； while the others ordered the march of the people。
They only traveled three or four miles daily and the halts were frequent。
Meanwhile Cao Cao was at Fancheng； whence he sent troops over the river toward Xiangyang。 He summoned Liu Zong； but Liu Zong was too afraid to answer the call。 No persuasion could get him to go。
Wang Wei said to him privately； 〃Now you can overe Cao Cao if you are wise。 Since you have announced surrender and Liu Bei has gone away； Cao Cao will relax his precautions； and you can catch him unawares。 Send a well…prepared but unexpected force to waylay him in some manding position； and the thing is done。 If you were to take Cao Cao prisoner； your fame would run throughout the empire； and the land would be yours for the taking。 This is a sort of opportunity that does not recur； and you should not miss it。〃
The young man consulted Cai Mao； who called Wang Wei an evil counselor and spoke to him harshly。
〃You are mad！ You know nothing and understand nothing of destiny；〃 said Cai Mao。
Wang Wei angrily retorted； saying； 〃Cai Mao is the betrayer of the country； and I wish I could eat him alive！〃
The quarrel waxed deadly； and Cai Mao wanted to slay Wang Wei。 But eventually peace was restored by Kuai Yue。
Then Cai Mao and Zhang Yun went to Fancheng to see Cao Cao。
Cai Mao was by instinct specious and flattering； and when his host asked concerning the resources of Jingzhou； he replied； 〃There are fifty thousand of horse； one hundred fifty thousand of foot； and eighty thousand of marines。 Most of the money and grain are at Jiangling。 The rest is stored at various places。 There are ample supplies for a year。〃
〃How many war vessels are there？ Who is in mand？〃 said Cao Cao。
〃The ships； of all sizes； number seven thousands； and we two are the manders。〃
Upon this Cao Cao conferred upon Cai Mao the title of the Lord Who Controls the South； and Supreme Admiral of the Naval Force； and Zhang Yun was his Vice…Admiral with the title of the Lord Who Brings Obedience。
When they went to thank Cao Cao for these honors； he told them； saying； 〃I am about to propose to the Throne that Liu Biao's son should be perpetual Imperial Protector of Jingzhou in succession to his late father。〃
With this promise for their young master and the honors for themselves； they retired。
Then Xun You asked Cao Cao； 〃Why these two evident self…seekers and flatterers have been treated so generously？〃
Cao Cao replied； 〃Do I not know all about them？ Only in the north； where we have been； we know very little of war by water； and these two men do。 I want their help for the present。 When my end is achieved； I can do as I like with them。〃
Liu Zong was highly delighted when his two chief supporters returned with the promise Cao Cao had given them。 Soon after he gave up his seal and military mission and proceeded to wele Cao Cao； who received him very graciously。
Cao Cao next proceeded to camp near Xiangyang。 The populace； led by Cai Mao and Zhang Yun； weled him with burning incense； and he on his part put forth proclamations couched in forting terms。
Cao Cao presently entered the city and took his seat in the residence in state。 Then he summoned Kuai Yue and said to him graciously； 〃I do not rejoice so much at gaining Jingzhou as at meeting you； friend Kuai Yue。〃
Cao Cao made Kuai Yue Governor of Jiangling and Lord of Fancheng； Wang Can； Fu Xuan； and Kuai Yue's other adherents were all ennobled。 Liu Zong became Imperial Protector of Qingzhou in the north and was ordered to proceed to his region forthwith。
Liu Zong was greatly frightened and said； 〃I have no wish to bee an actual official。 I wish to remain in the place where my father and mother live。〃
Said Cao Cao； 〃Your protectorship is quite near the capital； and I have sent you there as a full official to remove you from the intrigues of this place。〃
In vain Liu Zong declined the honors thus thrust upon him： He was pelled to go and he departed； taking his mother with him。 Of his friends； only Wang Wei acpanied him。 Some of his late officers escorted him as far as the river and then took their leave。
Then Cao Cao called his trusty officer Yu Jin and said； 〃Follow Liu Zong and put him and his mother to death。 Our worries are thus removed。〃
Yu Jin followed the small party。
When he drew near he shouted； 〃I have an order from the great Prime Minister to put you both to death； mother and son！ You may as well submit quietly。〃
Lady Cai threw her arms about her son； lifted up her voice and wept。 Yu Jin bade his soldiers get on with their bloody work。 Only Wang Wei made any attempt to save his mistress； and he was soon killed。 The two； mother and son； were soon finished； and Yu Jin returned to report his success。 He was richly rewarded。
Next Cao Cao sent to discover and seize the family of Zhuge Liang； but they had already disappeared。 Zhuge Liang had moved them to the Three Gorges。 It was much to Cao Cao's disgust that the search was fruitless。
So Xiangyang was settled。 Then Xun You proposed a further advance。
He said； 〃Jiangling is an important place； and very rich。 If Liu Bei gets it； it will be difficult to dislodge him。〃
〃How could I have overlooked that？〃 said Cao Cao。
Then he called upon the officers of Xiangyang for one who could lead the way。 They all came except Wen Ping。
Cao Cao sent for him and soon he came also。
〃Why are you late？〃 asked Cao Cao。
Wen Ping said； 〃To be a minister and see one's master lose his own boundaries is most shameful。 Such a person has no face to show to anyone else； and I was too ashamed to e。〃
His tears fell fast as he finished this speech。 Cao Cao admired his loyal conduct and rewarded him with office of Governorship of Jiangxia and a title of Lordship； and also bade him open the way。
The spies returned and said； 〃Liu Bei is hampered by the crowds of people who have followed him。 He can proceed only three or four miles daily； and he is only one hundred miles away。〃
Cao Cao decided to take advantage of Liu Bei's plight； so he chose out five thousand of tried horsemen and sent them after the cavalcade； giving them a limit of a day and a night to e up therewith。 The main army would follow。
As has been said Liu Bei was traveling with a huge multitude of followers； to guard whom he had taken what precautions were possible。 Zhang Fei was in charge of the rear guard； and Zhao Yun was to protect his lord's family。 G