ley Land； and the convoy was manded by Sun Li。
〃What is known of this Sun Li？〃 asked Zhuge Liang。
A certain man of Wei replied； 〃He is a bold man。 Once he was out hunting with the Ruler of Wei on Great Rock Hill； and a tiger suddenly appeared in front of his master's chariot。 He jumped off his horse and dispatched the beast with his sword。 He was rewarded with a mandership。 He is an intimate friend of Cao Zhen。〃
〃This is a ruse；〃 said Zhuge Liang。 〃They know we are short of food； and those carts are only a temptation。 They are laden with bustibles。 How can they imagine that I shall be deceived by this sort of thing； when I have fought them with fire so many times？ If we go to seize the convoy； they will e and raid our camp。 But I will meet ruse with ruse。〃
Then Zhuge Liang sent Ma Dai with order： 〃You and three thousand troops are to make your way to the enemy's store camp and； when the wind serves； to start a fire。 When the stores are burning； the soldiers of Wei will e to surround our camp。 That is how we will provoke a battle。〃
He also sent Ma Zheng and Zhang Ni with five thousand troops each to halt near the camp so that they might attack from without。
These having gone； he called Guan Xing and Zhang Bao； and said； 〃The outermost camp of Wei is on the main road。 This night； when the enemy see a blaze； our camp will be attacked； so you two are to lie in wait on the two sides of the Wei camp and seize it when they have left。〃
Calling Hu Ban and Wu Yi； he said； 〃You are to lie in wait outside the camp to cut off the retreat of the force of Wei。〃
All these arrangements made； Zhuge Liang betook himself to a summit of the Qishan Mountains to watch the results。
The soldiers of Wei heard that their enemies were ing to seize the grain convoy and ran to tell Sun Li； who sent on a message to Cao Zhen。
Cao Zhen sent to the chief camp for Zhang Hu and Yue Chen and told them； 〃Look out for a signal blaze； that would mean the ing of the army of Shu； and then you are to raid the Shu camp immediately。〃
Zhang Hu and Yue Chen sent watchers on the tower to look out for the promised blaze。
Meanwhile Sun Li marched over and hid in the west hills to await the ing of the men of Shu。 That night； at the second watch； Ma Dai came with his three thousand troops all silent； the soldiers with gags； the horses with a lashing round their muzzles。 They saw tier after tier of carts on the hills； making an enclosure like a walled camp； and on the carts were planted many flags。
They waited。 Presently the southwest wind came up； and then they launched the fire。 Soon all the carts were in a blaze that lit up the sky。 Sun Li saw the blaze and could only conclude that the troops of Shu had arrived and his own side were giving the signal； so he dashed out to attack。 But soon two parties of soldiers were heard behind him closing in。 These were Ma Zheng and Zhang Ni； who soon had Sun Li as in a net。 Then he heard a third ominous roll of drums； which heralded the approach of Ma Dai from the direction of the blaze。
Under these several attacks； the troops of Wei quailed and gave way。 The fire grew more and more fierce。 Soldiers ran and horses stampeded； and the dead were too many to count。 Sun Li made a dash through the smoke and fire of the battle and got away。
When Zhang Hu and Yue Chen saw the fire； they threw open the gates of their camp and sallied forth to help defeat the army of Shu by seizing their camp。 But when they reached the Shu camp； they found it empty。 So they hurried to set out to return。 That was the moment for Hu Ban and Wu Yi to appear and cut off their retreat。 However； they fought bravely and got through。 But when at length they reached their own camp； they were met by arrows flying thick as locusts。 For Guan Xing and Zhang Bao had taken possession in their absence。
They could only set out for headquarters to report their mishap。 As they neared Cao Zhen's camp； they met another remnant marching up。 They were Sun Li's soldiers； and the two parties went into camp together and told the tale of their victimization。 Cao Zhen thereafter looked to his defenses and attacked no more。
Thus victorious； the soldiers of Shu went to Zhuge Liang； who at once dispatched secret directions to Wei Yan。 Then Zhuge Liang gave orders to break camp and retreat。
This move was not understood； and Yang Yi asked the leader； 〃O Prime Minister； you have just scored a victory； and the enemy have lost their bravery； why retreat？〃
〃Because we are short of food；〃 said Zhuge Liang。 〃Our success lay in swift victory； but the enemy will not fight； and thus they weaken us day by day。 Though we have worsted them now； they will soon be reinforced； and their light horse can cut off our provisions。 Then we could not retreat at all。 For a time they will not dare look at us； and we must take the occasion to do what they do not expect； and retreat。 But I am solicitous about Wei Yan； who is on the Chencang road to keep off Wang Shuang。 I fear he cannot get away。 So I have sent him certain orders to slay Wang Shuang； and then the force of Wei will not dare to pursue。〃
Therefore the retreat began； but to deceive the enemy the watchmen were left in the empty camp to beat the watches through the night。
Cao Zhen was depressed at his recent misfortune。 Then they told him Zhang He； General of the Left Army； had e。 Zhang He came up to the gate； dismounted； and entered。
When he saw Cao Zhen； he said； 〃I have received a royal mand to e and to be into your arrangements。〃
〃Did you take leave of friend Sima Yi？〃 asked Cao Zhen。
Zhang He said； 〃His said to me that if you won the field the Shu army would stay； but if you did not； the Shu army would retreat。 It seems that our side has missed success。 Have you since found out what the troops of Shu are doing？〃
〃Not yet。〃
So Cao Zhen sent out some scouts； and they found empty camps。 There were flags flying； but the army had been gone two days。 Cao Zhen was disgusted。
When Wei Yan received his secret orders； he broke up camp that night and hastened toward Hanzhong。 Wang Shuang's scouts heard this and told their chief； who hurried in pursuit。 After about seven miles； he came in sight of Wei Yan's ensigns。
As soon as Wang Shuang got within hailing distance； he shouted； 〃Do not flee； Wei Yan！〃
But no one looked back； so he again pressed forward。
Then he heard one of his guards behind him shouting； 〃There is a blaze in the camp outside the city wall。 I think it is some wile of the enemy！〃
Wang Shuang pulled up and； turning； saw the fire。 He therefore tried to draw off his troops。 Just as he passed a hill； a horseman suddenly came out of a wood。
〃Here is Wei Yan！〃 shouted the horseman。
Wang Shuang was too startled to defend himself and fell at the first stroke of Wei Yan's blade。 Wang Shuang's troops thought this was only the beginning of an ambush and serious attack； so they scattered。 But really Wei Yan only had thirty men with him； and they moved off leisurely toward Hanzhong。
No man could better Zhuge Liang's foresight keen；
Brilliant as a et where it flashed：
Back and forth at will his soldiers dashed；
And Wang Shuang's dead body marked where they had been。
The secret orders sent to Wei Yan was that he was to keep back thirty men and hide beside Wang Shuang's camp till that warrior left。 Then the camp was to be set on fire。 After that the thirty were to wait till Wang Shuang's return to fall upon him。 The plan being successfully carried out； Wei Yan followed the retreating army into Hanzhong and handed over his mand。
The Shu army having retreated safely to Hanzhong； feastings were held in celebration of the event。
Zhang He； who； failing to e up with the retiring enemy； presently returned to camp。 Hao Zhao sent a letter to say that Wang Shuang had met his end。 This loss caused Cao Zhen deep grief； so that he became ill and had to return to Luoyang。 He left Zhang He； Sun Li； and Guo Huai to guard the approaches to Changan。
Meanwhile in the South Land； at a court held by Sun Quan； the Prince of Wu； a certain spy reported： 〃Prime Minister Zhuge Liang has invaded Wei twice； and mander…in…Chief Cao Zhen has suffered great losses。〃
Thereupon his ministers urged on Sun Quan that he should attack Wei and try to gain the Middle Land。
However； Sun Quan could not make up his mind； and Zhang Zhao endeavored to prove to him that his hour was e by this memorial：
＇e＇ King Yu was the founder of Xia Dynasty； King Tang； Shang Dynasty； Kings Wen and Wu； Zhou Dynasty。
〃I have heard that a phoenix has lately appeared in the hills east of Wuchang and bowed； that a yellow dragon has been seen in the Great River。 My lord； your virtue matches that of Kings Yu* and Tang*； and your understanding is on a level with that of Kings Wen* and Wu*。 Wherefore you should now proceed to the imperial style and then raise an army to maintain your authority。〃
And many other officers supported Zhang Zhao's proposal。 They finally persuaded Sun Quan to decide upon the 'tiger' day in the forth month； in summer。 They prepared an altar on the south of Wuchang； and on that day his courtiers formally requested him to ascend to the high place and assume the style of 〃Emperor〃。
〃Yellow Dragon〃 was chosen as the style of the reign （AD 229）。 Sun Jian； the deceased father of the new Emperor； was given the title of the Martially Glorious Emperor； his mother Empress Wu； and his elder brother； Sun Ce； was made posthumously Prince of Changsha； and his son； Sun Deng； was styled Heir Apparent。 The rank of Left panion of the Heir Apparent was conferred upon the eldest son of Zhuge Jin； Zhuge Ke。 The rank of Right panion of the Heir Apparent was bestowed upon the second son of Zhang Zhao； Zhang Xi。
This son of Zhuge Jin was a person seven…span height； very clever； and especially apt at capping verses。 Sun Quan liked him much。 When Zhuge Ke was six； he went with his father to a banquet。 Sun Quan noticed that Zhuge Jin had a long face； so he bade a man lead in a donkey； and he wrote on it with chalk； 〃My friend Zhuge Jin〃。 Everyone roared with laughter。 But the youngster ran up and added a few strokes making it read； 〃My friend Zhuge Jin's donkey〃。 The guests were astonished at his ready wit； and praised him。 Sun Quan was also pleased and made him a present of the donkey。
Another day； at a large official banquet； Sun Quan sent the boy with a goblet of wine to each courtier。
When he came to Zhang Zhao； the old man declined it； saying； 〃This is not the proper treatment for old age。〃
〃Can you not make him drink？〃 said Sun Quan。
＇e＇ Lu Wang was a master strategist； founding minister of Zhou Dynasty； counselor to King Wen。 Before joining King Wen； Lu Wang had been a fisher； who mediated on the river bank on political events。 。。。。。
Then said Zhuge Ke to the old gentleman； 〃You remember Lu Wang*； he was ninety and yet gripped the signaling flags and wielded the axes of an army mander in the field。 He never spoke of age。 Nowadays in battle we put seniors behind； but at the banquet board we give them a front place。 How can you say we do not treat old age properly？〃
Zhang Zhao had no reply ready； and so had to drink。 This sort of precocity endeared the boy to Sun Quan； and now Sun Quan made him the Left panion to the Heir Apparent。
Zhang Zhao's son； Zhang Xi； was chosen for honor on accoun