«ÕÐÊ©Õ¹¶ø³ö£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ÖÚÉúÃ𣡡±°éËæמºÈÕ¹ÂÃùÒ»ÉùÇáºÈ£¬ËûÊÖÖеĽÙÁ¦»¯Îª×ãÒÔ¸²ÃðÖÚÉúÍòÎïµÄ¿Ö²À³å»÷Ö±Ö¸ÉÏ·½»ðºì½ÙÔƶøÈ¥£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¶ø¾ÍÔÚÕâһ˲¼ä£¬×ÔÄÇ»ðºìµÄ½ÙÔÆÖ®ÖУ¬Ò»ÍÅ»ìãçÖ®»ðÖèÈ»½µÏ£¬½ÙÁ¦¼«ÕÐÅöײÎÞÎï²»·ÙµÄ»ìãçÖ®»ð£¬¾¹Êǽö½ö½©³ÖÁËһ˲¼ä±ã±»»ìãçÖ®»ð³¹µ×·Ù»¯Ò»¿Õ£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡»ìãçÖ®»ðËäÈ»ºÅ³ÆÎÞÎï²»·Ù£¬µ«ÕýÃæ·Ù»¯¾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃù½èÁ¦´òÁ¦Ö®ÕУ¬È´Ò²ÁîÕâÍÅ»ìãçÖ®»ð˲¼äËõСÁËһС°ë£¬¿ÉÊ£ÓàµÄ»ìãçÖ®»ðÈÔÊÇÖ±±ÆÐþ»ÃÍ·¶¥¶øÀ´£¬´óÓв»ÉÕËÀÄãÊIJ»°ÕÐÝÖ®ÊÆ£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°Ò»Æø»¯Èýǧ£¡¡±ÑÛ¼ûÈç´Ë£¬ÕýÔÚ°ïÖúÐþ»ÃÁ¶»¯±¾Ô´µÄºÚ°×ÀɾýÔٶȷÉÉí¶øÆð£¬ÌåÄÚÒõÑôÖ®Á¦ÔÙ¶ÈÀ©É¢£¬½«À´ÊÆÐÚÐڵĻìãçÖ®»ðÎüÄÉÈëÌå¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ö®Ê±¼ä£¬ºÚ°×ÀɾýÖ»¾õµÃÌåÄÚ×ÆÈÈÄÑÄÍ£¬ËûÄÇÁ·¾Í¡¶»ÙÊÀ²»ÃðÌå¡·µÄÇ¿º·ÈâÉí¾¹ÊÇ×ÔÐØ¿ÚëþÖÐѨ¿ªÊ¼»º»ºÏòÍâȼÉÕ£¬²»¹ýÕ£ÑÛÖ®¼äºÚ°×Àɾý±ãÒÑÉúÉú±»Õâ»ìãçÖ®»ðÉյûҷÉÑÌÃ𣬶ø»ìãçÖ®»ðÒ²±»ºÚ°×ÀɾýÌåÄÚÒõÑô¶þÆøÏûÄ¥´ù¾¡£¬Î¨ÓÐÄÇÒ»¹É±¾Ô´¾«»ªÔٶȻãÈëÐþ»ÃÌåÄÚ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°àÛ£¬Ê§ËãÁË£¡¡±¾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃùÖèȻͳöÒ»´ó¿ÚÏÊѪ£¬µ«ËûÉõÖÁÁ¬²ÁÈ¥×ì½ÇѪ¼£¶¼¹Ë²»ÉÏ£¬±ãÒѼ±Éù˵µÀ£º¡°Ìì½ÙÖ®Á¦¾¹ÊÇÒÔÈý´ÎΪһ¸ö½×ÌÝ£¬Õâ»ìãççÓë»ìãçÖ®»ðµÄÍþÄܱÈ֮ǰÈýµÀ»ìãç½ÙÀ×Ç¿ÁËÖÁÉÙÈý·Ö£¬ÕâÈý·Ö¡¡±ãÊdzÉÓë°ÜµÄ½çÏÞ£¡¡±
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡»¹ÓиüÖØÒªµÄÒ»µã¾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃù²¢Î´Ëµ³öÀ´£¬ÄDZãÊÇÕâÖ¤µÀÌì½Ùÿһ²¨Ö®¼äËù¼ä¸ôµÄʱ¼ä¶ÌµÄÊ®·Ö³öÈËÔ¤ÁÏ£¬³ýÁËÄÇÇ°Á½µÀ»ìãç½ÙÀ×Ö®¼ä¿ÕÓàµÄʱ¼äÕýºÃ×ã¹»Ðþ»ÃÁ¶»¯Ò»ÈË·ÖÁ¿µÄ±¾Ô´Ö®Í⣬ºóÃæÕ⼸µÀÌì½ÙÀ´µÄ¶¼Ì«¹ýѸÃÍ£¬¾ÍºÃËÆͻȻ¼Ó¿ìÁ˽Ú×àÒ»°ã£¬½«Ðþ»ÃÈ«Å̼ƻ®¼¸ºõ³¹µ×´óÂÒ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡´Ë¿ÌËûÃÇÒѾ¶È¹ýÁËÊ®µÀÌì½ÙÖ®ÖеÄÇ°ÎåµÀ£¬µ«Ðþ»ÃÈ´½ö½öÍêÈ«Á¶»¯ÁËÈÎÆ®ÃìÒ»¸öÈ˵ı¾Ô´£¬Ê·ÑÞÎĺͲؾµÈ˵ı¾Ô´½ö±»Á¶»¯´ó°ë£¬¶øºÚ°×ÀɾýµÄ±¾Ô´¸üÊǸոÕÈëÌ壬ÖÁÓÚ±¾Ó¦ÔÚÕâÒ»²¨ÉíËÀµÄ¾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃù£¬´Ë¿Ì¸üÊÇ»îµÃºÃºÃµÄ£¬ÕâÓëÐþ»ÃÔ±¾Ç°¾Å²¨Ìì½ÙÓɾŴó»¯Éí´úΪµÖµ²£¬µÚÊ®²¨Ìì½ÙÔòÓÉ»¯ÉíºÏÒ»£¬´Ó¶øʵÁ¦´ïµ½×îáÛ·åµÄ×Ô¼ºÒÔÁ¦ÆÆÖ®£¬µ«Èç½ñ¿´À´ÕâËã¼Æ¿ÖÅÂÊÇ´ï²»³ÉÁË£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°¿´À´ÎÒÃÇÒ²±ØÐë¸Ä±äÒ»ÏÂ×Ô¼ºµÄ½Ú×àÁË£¡¡±Ë²¼ä˼¿¼£¬¾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃùÐÄÖÐÒÑÓÐËã¼Æ£¬Ëû¾¹ÊÇÂõ²½À´µ½²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùÉíÅÔ£¬Ë«ÊÖÞôÔÚ²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùºóÐÄÖ®´¦£¬¿ÚÖгÁÉù˵µÀ£º¡°±§ÔªÊØÒ»£¬½ÓÊÜÎÒµÄÁ¦Á¿£¡¡±
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ëæ¼´²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃù±ã¸Ð¾õµ½Ò»¹ÉÅìÅȵı¾Ô´Ö®Á¦Ïò×Å×Ô¼ºÌåÄÚ¹àÊä¶øÀ´£¬¿´µ½ÕâһĻµÄĬ²ÔÀëÐÄÖжÙʱÃ÷ÎòÁ˾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃùµÄËã¼Æ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃù¶¨ÊÇÏëÒª½èÖúËûÓë²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùËùÐÞ¹¦·¨ÏàͬµÄÕâÒ»Ìص㣬½«×ÔÉí±¾Ô´ÌáÇ°Óë²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùÏàÈںϣ¬Èç´ËÒ»À´²»µ«Äܹ»Ìá¸ß²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùµÄʵÁ¦£¬ÁîËûÄܹ»¸üºÃµÄµÖÓùÕâÍþÁ¦Ô½À´Ô½Ç¿µÄÖ¤µÀÌì½Ù£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÄÜÉÔ΢¼õÉÙÖ®ºóÐþ»ÃÁ¶»¯±¾Ô´ËùÐèÒªµÄʱ¼ä£¬Õâ¾ÍºÃ±È¶ÁÊ鿼ÊÔÒ»°ã£¬×öÈýÈË·ÖÁ¿µÄÊýѧÌ⣬ºÍ×öÈý·Ý²»Í¬¿ÆÄ¿µÄ¿¼ÊÔÌ⣬Ïà±È֮ϻ¹ÊÇÇ°Õ߸ü¼ÓÈÝÒ×һЩ£¡
µÚ1630Õ¡¡»ìãçÖØË®¡¡Ö¤µÀÈ˽Ù
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¾ÍÔÚ¾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃù½«×ÔÉí±¾Ô´¹àÊä½ø²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùÌåÄÚ²¢ÖúËûÁ¶»¯Ö®¼Ê£¬±ã¼ûÉÏ¿ÕÄǽµÏ»ìãçÖ®»ðµÄÒÚÍòÀï»ðºì½ÙÔƺö¶ø±ä³É³ÁÖصÄÆáºÚ֮ɫ£¬ÄÑÒÔ¼ÆÊýµÄϸÃÜÓêµÎ´ÓÖзÉËÙÂäÏ£¬¶øÒ»ÑÛ±ãÈϳöÕâÓêµÎÕæÃæÄ¿µÄÒ»ÖÚ»¯Éí¾¡½ÔÃæÉ«´ó±ä£¬Ö»ÒòÕâºÚÉ«ÓêµÎ²»ÊÇËüÎÕýÊÇÒ»º£Ö®Ë®·½ÄÜÄý¾ÛÒ»µÎ£¬ÄÄÅÂÔÚºé»ÄÒÚÍòÄêÀúÊ·Ö®ÖÐÒ²½ö½ö´æÔÚÓ봫˵֮ÖеĻìãçÖØË®£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡»ìãçÖØË®²»ËÆÌìºÓÈõË®ÄÇ°ãÎÞÎï²»³Á£¬Ò²²»ËÆ»ÆȪڤˮÄÇ°ãÓµÓи¯Ê´ÍòÎïÖ®ÄÜ£¬ÆäÌØÐÔ·´µ¹ÓëÄǽñ´ÎÓÚºé»ÄËÄ´óÕæË®µÄÒ»ÔªÖØˮʮ·ÖÏàËÆ£¬¶¼ÊÇÒÔ¼«Æä¿Ö²ÀµÄÃܶÈÓëÖÊÁ¿Öø³Æ£¬ÄÇôÕâËùνµÄ¿Ö²ÀÖÊÁ¿¾¿¾¹´ïµ½Ê²Ã´³Ì¶ÈÄØ£¿¾Ù¸ö×î¼òµ¥µÄÀý×ӾͶ¼ÖªµÀÁË¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¾Ý˵ÄÇλÎôÈյĽؽ̴óµÜ×Ó£¬Èç½ñµÄ´ó³Ë·ð½ÌÈçÀ´·ð×æÊÖÖÐÓÐÒ»¸ö×Ͻð²§ÓÛ£¬²§ÓÛÖ®Öдæ·ÅµÄ±ãÊÇÒ»ÔªÖØË®£¬¶øÇÒÊǾ¹ý¶à´ÎÄýÁ·£¬ÖØÁ¿ÓëÔ±¾ÔçÒѲ»¿ÉͬÈÕ¶øÓïµÄÒ»ÔªÖØË®£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÄÇÊÇÈçÀ´·ð×æÈÔÊǶ౦µÀÈË֮ʱ£¬´ÓÌìºÓµ×²¿ÊÕ¼¯¶øÀ´£¬Ã¿Ò»µÎ¶¼ÓÐÊýÍò½ïÖ®ÖØ£¬¶øºó¶à±¦µÀÈËÓÖ½«ÊÕ¼¯µ½µÄÒ»ÔªÖØË®µ½µ¤Â¯Ö®ÖнøÐдãÁ¶£¬Ã¿Ò»Â¯ÄýÁ·ÎªÒ»µÎ£¬Èç´ËÖظ´²»Ö¹¶àÉٴΣ¬Ç°ºóÀúʱÉÏǧÄ꣬¶à±¦µÀÈËÈ¡µÃµÄÉÏÍò·½Ò»ÔªÖØË®Õâ²Å×îÖÕÄýÁ·ÎªÄÇÒ»²§ÓÛµÄÊýÁ¿¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¾¹ýÈç´ËÄýÁ·Ö®ºóµÄÒ»ÔªÖØË®£¬ÆäÖÊÁ¿ÒÑ×ãÒÔÓëÒ»Á£»¯É½µÄ¾ÅÌìÏ¢ÈÀÏàÌá²¢ÂÛ£¬µ«ÕâÒѾÊÇÒ»ÔªÖØË®ËùÄÜÄýÁ·µÄ¼«ÏÞ£¬µ«±È֮δ¾Äý¾Û¹ýµÄ»ìãçÖØË®£¬È´ÈÔ²îÁ˲»Ö¹Ê®±¶£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¿Ö²ÀµÄÖÊÁ¿¼ÓÉÏϸСµÄÌå»ý£¬Áî»ìãçÖØˮӵÓÐ×îΪ¿Ö²ÀµÄ´©Í¸ÐÔ£¬ÈôÊÇÓÐÈ˽«Ò»µÎ»ìãçÖØË®´ÓÌìÍ¥ËæÊÖÈÓ϶øÎÞÈË×èÀ¹µÄ»°£¬ÕâµÎÒ»ÔªÖØË®ÉõÖÁÄÜƾ½è×ÔÉíÖØÁ¿ÔÒ´©´óµØ£¬µ¥Æ¾ÏëÏó±ãÖªµÀÕâ»ìãçÖØË®Óжàô¿Ö²À£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¶øÈç½ñ´ÓÄDZäµÄÆáºÚµÄÎÚÔÆÖ®ÖÐÂäϵÄϸÃÜÓêµÎ£¬ÕýÊÇÒ»µÎµÎϸСµÄ»ìãçÖØË®£¬±¾¾Í¿Ö²ÀµÄÖÊÁ¿¼ÓÉÏͬÑù¿Ö²ÀµÄÃܶȣ¬ÄÄÅÂÆä·ÉÉäµÄËٶȲ¢²»ºÜ¿ì£¬È´Ò²×ãÒÔ³ÉΪÉñÍõ¾³Ö®ÏÂÒ»ÇÐÉúÁéµÄجÃΣ¬±ãÊÇÐþ»ÃÈç½ñ¡¶»ÙÊÀ²»ÃðÌå¡·µÚ°Ë²ãµÄÈâÉíÇ¿¶È£¬µ«ÔÚËûÁ¶»¯ÌåÄÚ±¾Ô´¶øÎÞ·¨·ÖÐĴ߶¯¹¦·¨ÔöÇ¿·ÀÓùµÄ´Ëʱ£¬±»Õâ»ìãçÖØË®ÂäÔÚÉíÉÏ£¬¿Öż´±ã²»±»ÉúÉúÔÒ³ÉÈâ½´£¬µ«±»´ò³Éɸ×ÓµÄϳ¡È´Ò²ÊÇÃâ²»Á˵ģ¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¾ÍÔÚÕâʱ£¬ºö¼ûÒ»µÀÏù¿ñÉíÓ°ÖèÈ»µ²ÔÚÐþ»ÃÉÏ·½£¬×Ðϸһ¿´²»ÊǺ³ÌìãÚÓÖÊǺÎÈË£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°»ÊÊÀ¾ªÌ죬Ðé¿Õ¾¡Ã𣡡±º³ÌìãÚË«Ï¥Ò»Çú£¬Ô̺¬×ÅÎÞÉÏ»¯ÏûÖ®Á¦µÄÎÞÐÎÁ¦³¡Ë²¼äÕ¹¿ª£¬½«Î»ÓÚÏ·½µÄÐþ»Ã¼°Ò»ÖÚ»¯ÉíÁýÕÖÆäÖУ¬¶ø¾ÍÔÚÕâÁ¦³¡Íê³É¸²¸ÇµÄ˲¼ä£¬»ìãçÖØË®±ãÒÑÂäµ½ÕâÁ¦³¡Ö®ÉÏ£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°àÛ£¡¡±ÍðÈôÎÞÊý×ù̩ɽͬʱѹ¶¥Ò»°ãµÄ¿Ö²ÀÖØÁ¿£¬ÁÌìãÚÁ¢Ê±Í³öÒ»´ó¿ÚÏÊѪ£¬µ«²»µÃ²»Ëµ¡¶»ÊÊÀ¾ªÌ챦µä¡·²»À¢Æ侪ÊÀÉñ¹¦Ö®Ãû£¬¾¹Êǽ«»ìãçÖØˮ֮ÉÏЯ´øµÄ³å»÷Á¦µÀ˲¼äжȥ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡»ìãç³£Äê´¦ÓÚÎÞÌìÎÞµØÎÞÉÏÎÞϵÄʧÖØ״̬£¬¸ù±¾²»¾ß±¸ÎüÒýÎïÌåÏÂ×¹µÄÒýÁ¦£¬ÕâЩ»ìãçÖØˮ֮ËùÒÔ»áÈçÓêµãÒ»°ãÏ®À´£¬ÄËÊÇÒòΪÄÇÆáºÚµÄ½ÙÔƶÔÆäÊ©¼ÓÁËÒ»¸ö³õʼµÄÁ¦Á¿£¬Èç½ñº³ÌìãÚÒÔ×ÔÉíΪ¶Ü£¬½«»ìãçÖØˮ֮ÖÐËùÔ̺¬µÄ³å»÷Á¦¾¡ÊýÏûåô£¬Ê§È¥Á˶¯ÄܵĻìãçÖØË®±ãҲʧȥÁËÆä¿Ö²ÀµÄ´©Í¸Á¦£¬ÈçͬһµÎµÎÆÕͨµÄË®ÖéÒ»°ãƯ¸¡ÔÚÕâʧÖصĻìãçÖ®ÖС£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡±ã¼û½ÙÔÆÖ®ÖлìãçÖØË®ÈçÓêÂäÏ£¬¶øº³ÌìãÚµÄÖÜÉíÖ®Í⣬ʧȥ¶¯Á¦µÄ»ìãçÖØˮȴֻÊǾ²¾²µÄÆ®¸¡ÔÚÄÇÀËæ×ÅÕâÓêϵÄʱ¼äÔ½À´Ô½³¤£¬º³ÌìãÚÉíÅÔÆ®¸¡µÄ»ìãçÖØˮҲ²»¶ÏÔö¶à£¬×îÖÕÉõÖÁ»¥ÏàÈںϳÉÁËһƬºþ²´£¬ÕâƬ¿´ËƲ»´óµÄºþ²´ÆäÖÊÁ¿ÉõÖÁ¿°±Èºé»ÄËĺ£Ö®Ë®£¬Ò²¿É´Ó²àÃæ¿´³öº³ÌìãÚ¾¿¾¹ÔÚÕâ¶Ì¶Ìʱ¼äÖ®ÖгÐÊÜÁ˶àô¿Ö²ÀµÄѹÁ¦£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡²»Öª¹ýÁ˶à¾Ã£¬½ÙÔÆÖ®ÖÐÂäϵġ®ÓêµÎ¡¯Öð½¥±äµÃÏ¡ÉÙÆðÀ´£¬¸Ð¾õµ½ÉíÉϳÐÊܵijå»÷Ö®Á¦Öð½¥¼õÈõµÄº³ÌìãÚ£¬ÐÄÖª×Ô¼º·´»÷µÄʱ¿ÌÖÕÓÚµ½À´ÁË£¬ÓÚÊǺ³ÌìãÚ²»¹Ë×ÔÉíÉËÊÆÇ¿Ðн«×ÔÉí¹¦·¨ÔËÖÁ¼«Ö£¬´ËÉú×îºóµÄ¼«ÕÐÒÔÎÞÉÏÍþÊƺ·È»±¬·¢£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°»ÊÕߺÅÌìÁ¡±Ò»Éùźȣ¬º³ÌìãÚË«ÊÖÃ͵ÄÅÄ´òÔÚÄÇ»ìãçÖØË®Ëù»¯µÄºþ²´Ö®ÉÏ£¬ö®Ê±¼äºþ²´»¯×÷Ò»Ìõ¿´ËÆÏËϸ£¬ÊµÔòÍþÁ¦ÎÞÇîµÄ¿Ö²ÀË®Áú£¬Ïò×ÅÌì¿ÕÆáºÚµÄ½ÙÔÆÖ±³å¶øÈ룬·ÉÈë½ÙÔÆÖ®ÖеÄË®ÁúÃ͵ı¬ÁÑ¿ªÀ´£¬Ïò×ÅËÄÃæ°Ë·½¼¤Éä¶ø³öµÄ»ìãçÖØˮ˲¼ä±ã½«ÄǽÙÔÆ´©³ÉÒ»ÂÆÂƵÄÆÆËéÄ£Ñù£¬»òÐíÊÇÒòΪ̫¹ýÆÆËéµÄÔÒò£¬Õâ½ÙÔÆһʱ֮¼ä¾¹ÊÇÎÞ·¨³¹µ×¸´Ô£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡´Ë¿Ì²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùÒѾ½«¾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃù´«Èë×Ô¼ºÌåÄڵı¾Ô´³¹µ×Ïû»¯£¬ÄÇλÎôÈÕ´ø×ÅһĨӺÈÝ΢Ц¸©î«Ò»ÇеÄ×Ï΢´óµÛ£¬´Ë¿ÌÒÑÊÇÔÙÒ²ÕÒ²»µ½ËûµÄÉíÓ°£¬¶øÐþ»ÃÒ²ÒѾ½«ÌåÄÚÊôÓڲؾµÈ˺ÍÊ·ÑÞÎĵÄÁ½·Ý±¾Ô´³¹µ×Ïû»¯£¬×ª¶ø¿ªÊ¼Ïû»¯ÆðºÚ°×ÀɾýµÄ±¾Ô´Ö®Á¦¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡º³ÌìãÚ¼û×´ÉíÐÎÒ»ÉÁÀ´µ½²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùÉíÇ°£¬ËÄÕÆÏà¶Ô¿ªÊ¼È羺ÈÕ¹ÂÃùËã¼ÆµÄÄǰ㣬½«×ÔÉí±¾Ô´ËÍÈë²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùÌåÄÚ£¬Í¬³öÒ»Ô´¡¢Í¬ÐÞÒ»¹¦µÄÈýÈËËäÈ»ÐÔÇé¸÷Óв»Í¬£¬µ«±¾Ô´È´ÊÇ×îΪ½Ó½ü£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ´Ëʱ²ÔÔ½¹ÂÃùÒѾÈÚºÏÁ˾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃùµÄ±¾Ô´£¬Æä±¾Ô´ºñ¶ÈÒÑÊÇÔ¶³¬º³ÌìãÚ£¬´Ëʱº³ÌìãÚ±¾Ô´¼¸ºõÔÚÈëÌå˲¼ä±ãÒѱ»ËûÍêÃÀÎüÊÕ£¬Ò²Ô¤Ê¾×žºÈÕ¹ÂÃùµÄËã¼ÆÒ»µãÒ»µã×ßÏò³É¹¦¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡µ«ÊÇ´Ëʱ֤µÀÉÐδ½áÊø£¬ºÜÃ÷ÏÔ´óµÀ²¢²»»á¸ø³öÌ«¶àµÄ¿ÕÓàʱ¼ä£¬¼¸ºõ¾ÍÔÚº³ÌìãÚ¿ªÊ¼´«¹¦²»¾Ã£¬ÄDZ»»ìãçÖØË®Éä³Éɸ×ӵĽÙÔƱã·Â·ðÊܵ½Ä³ÖÖÚ¤Ú¤Ö®ÖеÄÎÞÐÎÁ¦Á¿Òýµ¼Ò»°ãÖØлã¾Ûµ½ÁËÒ»Æð£¬Ëæ¼´ÆáºÚµÄÔƲã¾çÁÒ·¹öÆðÀ´£¬Ò»Ä¨²»ÏêµÄÐɺì´ÓÖлº»º¸¡ÏÖ£¬¾Í·Â·ðijÖÖ»ÙÌìÃðµØµÄÔÖ½Ù¼´½«½µÁÙµÄÇ°Õ×Ò»°ã£¬ÁîÈË¿´×űã¸Ð¾õ²»º®¶øÀõ£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°Èç¹û¾ºÈÕ¹ÂÃùµÄÍÆÏëΪÕ棬ÄÇô½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄµÚÆß²¨Ìì½Ù£¬ÆäÍþÁ¦»áÔÙ³¤Èý·Ö¡¡¡±Ä¬²ÔÀë²ÁÊÃ×ÅÇà͹žµµÄ¶¯×÷Ò»¶Ù£¬³ÁÉù˵µÀ£º¡°ÏÖÔÚ¡¡ÊÇʱºòÁË£¡¡±
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ºö¼ûĬ²ÔÀ뽫Çà͹žµ½»µ½×óÊÖ£¬ÓÒÊÖÔÚ¾µÃæÖ®ÉÏÒ»ÞôÒ»À£¬ÖïħÉñ±øÄ«¿ñ±ã×ÔÇà͹žµÖ®Öлº»º¶øÏÖ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Óë´Ëͬʱ£¬Ò»Ö±³ÁĬ²»ÓïµÄÐþºü½«Éíºó½£Ï»Íù¿ÕÖÐÒ»Å×£¬½£Ï»Ö®ÖоÅβ·ç»ª×ÔÐзɳö£¬±»·ÉÉí¶øÆðµÄÐþºü½ÓÔÚÊÖÖС£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°Ö¹¸êÁ÷£¨Õ¶ÎäµÀ£©£¬¿ªÕ󣡡±Ò»ÉùÆëºÈ£¬Ë«ÕóÔÙ¿ª£¬±¾Ó¦×÷ΪÌìµÐ¶øÉúµÄÖïħ֮ÀûÓëÃðÊÀÖ®Îä´Ë¿ÌÈںϹéÁ÷£¬ÈÚºÏΪһ×ùÔ²ÐδóÕó½«ËÄÃæ°Ë·½³¹µ×·âËø£¬Ö÷ÕóµÄĬ²ÔÀëÓëÐþºü¶¨¾¦×¢ÊÓ×ÅÄÇ·ÌÚ·ù¶ÈÔ½·¢¾çÁÒ£¬Ðɺì֮ɫÒÔ¼°¼¸ºõ½«ÆáºÚ֮ɫ³¹µ×¸²¸ÇµÄ½ÙÔÆ£¬¾²¾²µÈ´ý×ŵÚÆß²¨Ö¤µÀÌì½ÙµÄµ½À´£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ºö¼ûÄÇÐɺì֮ɫµÄ½ÙÔÆ¿ªÊ¼¼±ËÙÊÕËõ£¬Õ£ÑÛÖ®¼ä·½Ô²ÊýǧÍòÀïµÄ¹ãÀ«½ÙÔƱãÒÑÊÕËõ³ÉÖ±¾¶Ô½ÔÚ°ÙÍòÀïÉÏϵÄÒ»¿ÅÐɺìÇòÌ壬Ëæ×ÅÐɺìÉ«µÄ¹â»ªÖèÈ»´ó×÷£¬Õâ¿ÅÇòÌå¾¹ÊÇÈçͬÐÄÔàÒ»°ã»º»ºÌø¶¯ÆðÀ´£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ÄÇÊÇ¡¡¡±Ðþºü¼û×´Ãæɫ΢±ä£¬Ö»ÒòËû¾¹ÊÇ´ÓÕâ¿Å½ÙÔÆËù»¯µÄÇòÌåÖ®ÖУ¬¸ÐÊܵ½ÁËÒ»¹ÉÐ×É·¿Ö²ÀµÄÆøÏ¢£¬¸üÖØÒªµÄÊÇÕâÆøÏ¢Ö®Öо¹ÊÇÓÐ×ÅÉúÎïÖ®¸Ð£¬¶ø·Ç½ö½öÊǽÙÔÆÄý¾Û¶ø³ÉµÄËÀÎÕâÒ»·¢ÏÖ¶ÙʱÁîÐþºü´ó³ÔÒ»¾ª£¬ÄѵÀ˵Õâ¿Å»º»ºÌø¶¯µÄÐɺìÇòÌ壬µ±ÕæÊÇÒ»¿ÅÐÄÔ಻³É£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡²»µÈÐþºü¶àÏëƬ¿Ì£¬Õâ¿ÅÐɺìµÄÇòÌåÖ®ÉÏÖèÈ»Éì³öÎÞÊý¸ù´Ö׳µÄ´¥ÊÖ£¬ÕâÎÞÊý¸ù´¥ÊÖƾ¿Õ¹¹Öþ³ÉÒ»¸ö¾Þ´óµÄÈËÐΣ¬½ô½Ó×ÅÒÔÕâЩ´¥ÊÖΪ»ù´¡£¬¼¡Èâ¡¢¹Ç÷À¡¢Ñª¹Ü¡¢Æ¤·ô¡¢Ã«·¢µÈµÈÎïÖʽÓÁ¬¸¡ÏÖ£¬Õ£ÑÛÖ®¼äÒ»¸öÉí³¤ÊýǧÍòÀïµÄ¾Þ´óÉúÎ±ãÒѳöÏÖÔÚÐþºüµÄÑÛÖУ¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ºÚɫƤ븲¸ÇÉíÍ⣬´Ö³¤Î²°ÍÔÚÉíºó˦¶¯£¬Í·ÉÏÁ½¸ù³¤½ÇÍðÈô¶ñħ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÄÇÓë´óÐÉÐÉÊ®·ÖÏàËÆ£¬µ«È´ÓÖ²»¾¡ÏàͬµÄÅÓ´óÉíÇû£¬Õâ±ãÊǴ˿̳ÊÏÖÔÚÐþºüºÍĬ²ÔÀëÑÛÖеÄÄ£Ñù£¬¶ø´ÓÕâÅÓÈ»´óÎïÉíÉÏÃÖÉ¢¶ø³öµÄºÚÉ«ÆøÏ¢£¬È´¸ü¼ÓÒýÆðĬ²ÔÀëµÄ×¢Òâ¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ÔÀ´Èç´Ë£¬ÕâÒ»½ÙÄËÊÇÈ˽٣¬¶øÕâ¹É¸Ð¾õ¡¡ÊÇħÆø£¡¡±Ä¬²ÔÀë˫Ŀ΢ÃУ¬¶øºóÄ¿¹âÈ´ÊÇÇé²»×Ô½ûµÄÂäµ½ÄÇÈÔÔÚ´ò×øÁ¶»¯µÄÐþ»ÃÉíÉÏ£¬ÐÄÖÐ˼Ë÷µÀ£º¡°Ö»Êǵ¥´¿µÄÇɺÏÂ𣿻¹ÊÇ´óµÀ½µµÍÁËÖ¤µÀÌì½ÙµÄÄѶȣ¿Òà»òÕß¡¡ÄÇËùνµÄ¡®Ö÷½Ç¹â»·¡¯µ±Õæ´æÔÚ£¡¡±
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ºð£¡¡±ºöÌýÒ»ÉùÅØÏø×ÔÄǹÖÎï¿ÚÖÐÖèÈ»±¬·¢£¬¿Ö²ÀµÄË»ºð»¯ÎªÒ»²ã²ã³å»÷²¨£¬ÁîÄǺÏÒ»µÄ½£ÕóҲΪ֮²ü¶¶²»ÒÑ£¬ÕâÍþÁ¦±ÈÖ®°¢ÈöÍÐ˹µ±ÈÕµÄÒô²¨ËäÈ»²îÁËÊ®Íò°ËǧÀµ«ÔÚÉñÍõÖ®ÏÂÈ´Ò²ÒѾÊÇĬ²ÔÀëÉúƽ½ö¼û£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ÌìÓ費ȡ£¬·´ÊÜÆä¾Ì£¬ÄÇôÎÒ¡¡¾ÍÈ´Ö®²»¹§ÁË£¡Ö¹¸êÁ÷£¬ÕæÕ󣡡±Ò»ÉùÇáºÈ£¬Ä¬²ÔÀëÔÙ¿ªÕæÕó£¬Ëæ×ÅÐþºü×ÔÔ¸·ÅÆú½£ÕóÖ÷µ¼È¨£¬½ÓÊÖ½£ÕóµÄĬ²ÔÀëÁ¢Ê±±¬·¢³öÇ°ËùδÓеÄÅÓ´óÍþÄÜ£¬¾ÍÔÚÄÇÅÓ´óµ½ÄÑÒÔÏëÏóµÄ¹ÖÊÞ»ÓÎè×ÅÈçͬ´ó½һ°ãÅÓ´óµÄË«ÈÔÒÏò½£ÕóµÄ˲¼ä£¬Ä¬²ÔÀëË«Ä¿Ò»Äý£¬ÆøÏ¢Ò»¶¨£¬×¨ÎªÖïħ¶øÉúµÄ½£ÕóÁ¢Ê±·¢Éú¾ªÌì±ä»¯£¬½ñÈÕÊÄÒªÖïɱÕâÇ°Ëùδ¼ûµÄÖ¤µÀ֮ħ£¡
µÚ1631Õ¡¡½£Õ¶Ä§Ô³¡¡Ê®Î²Ììºü
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°³õʽ£¬Ê®½£É½ºÓµ´ÀÇÑÌ£¡¡±°éËæ×ÅÒ»ÉùÇáºÈ£¬Ä¬²ÔÀëºÁ²»ÓÌÔ¥¾ÙÆðÊÖÖÐÄ«¿ñ£¬¶Ô×ÅË«ÊÖ±§ÈÔÒϵÄħԳ»Ó½£Õ¶È¥£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÕâÒ»¿Ì£¬Ä¬²ÔÀëüÐÄѪ֮½ûÓ¡¹â»ª´ó×÷£¬ÐÄÖоÈÊÀ´óÔ¸ÔÚËûÉíºóÐγÉһȦȦ½ðÉ«¹âÔΣ¬ÊÖÖÐÉñ±øÄ«¿ñµÃÕâÁ½Õß¼Ó³Ö£¬¶Ùʱ»¯ÎªÖïÃðʱ¼äÒ»ÇÐаħÍâµÀµÄÖïħ֮Àû£¬°éËæׯӽ£Õ¶³öÒ»µÀͨÌì³¹µØµÄÖïħ½£Æø£¬ÕýÃæÓÉÏħԳÔÒϵÄË«È£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¼´±ãÕâֻħԳÄËÊÇÖ¤µÀÌì½Ù¾ßÏÖ»¯µÄ²úÎµ«Æä±Ï¾¹ÎÞ·¨ÍÑÀ롮ħ¡¯µÄ·¶³ë£¬±ãÈçÔÙÇ¿µÄÌìʹÃæ¶ÔÀÊ»ùŬ˹֮ǹµÄʱºò¶¼±»¿ËµÄËÀËÀµÄ£¬ÔÚÖïħ֮ÀûÕâµÈ¿ËÐÇÃæÇ°£¬Ö»ÒªË«·½ÊµÁ¦Ã»ÓдﵽÖʵIJî¾à£¬±ãÊÇ»ìãçħÉñ¶¼ÎÞ·¨³¹µ×ÃâÒßÕâÖÖ·¢×Ô¸ù»ùÓë±¾Ô´µÄ¿ËÖÆ£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ö»¼ûÖïħ½£ÆøÓëħԳ˫ÈÅöײµÄ˲¼ä£¬Ä§Ô³¶Ùʱ·¢³öÒ»Éù³ÔÍ´µÄº¿½Ð£¬ËüÄǻӳöµÄ˫Ⱦ¹ÊÇÔÚ½Ó´¥µÄ˲¼ä£¬±ã±»Öïħ½£ÆøÉúÉúÇжϣ¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ò»½£¹¦³ÉµÄÖïħ½£ÆøÈ´²¢Î´¾Í´ËÏûÉ¢£¬¶øÊǵ±¿Õ·Ö»¯ÎªÒÚÍòµÀÆÕͨ±¦½£´óСµÄ½£Æø£¬ÒÔħԳΪÖÐÐļ±ËÙÐýתÆðÀ´£¬ÈçͬÁú¾í·ç±©µÄ½£Æø²»¶Ï´ÓħԳÄÇÅÓ´óµÄÉíÇûÖ®Öд©Ëó¶ø¹ý£¬Ã¿Ò»´Î½£ÆøûÈëÉä³ö£¬¶¼»áÔÚħԳÉíÉÏÁôÏÂÒ»¸öÎÞ·¨ÓúºÏµÄ¿Õ¶´£¬¶øÒÚÍòµÀ½£Æøһͬ·¢Á¦Ö®Ï£¬±ãÈçÂÒµ¶Áè³ÙÒ»°ã£¬Õ£ÑÛÖ®¼äħԳÄÇÅÓ´óÎޱȵÄÉíÇû¾Í±»ÉäµÄǧ´©°Ù¿×£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÖïħ֮ÀûµÄ¿ËÖÆ֮ϸù±¾ÎÞ·¨¸´Ô£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ËÀ°É£¡¡±ºö¶øĬ²ÔÀëÄ¿¹âÒ»Äý£¬Öïħ½£ÆøËæÖ®Ôٱ䣬ÄÇÒѾ·Ö»¯ÎªÆÕͨ±¦½£´óСµÄÖïħ½£ÆøÔٶȷֻ¯ÎªÈâÑÛÄѼûµÄϸ΢½£Æø£¬×ÔËÄÃæ°Ë·½ÉäÈëħԳµÄÌåÄÚ£¬ÔÚÆä×ÔÖ÷Ñ°ÕÒħÆø¹¥»÷µÄÌØÐÔ֮ϣ¬Õâ±È֮ţëϸÕ뻹Ҫϸ΢µÄ½£ÆøÎ޿ײ»ÈëµÄÆÆ»µ×ÅħԳÌåÄÚµÄÿһ¿Åϸ°û£¬ÁîħԳµÄÉíÇûÒÔÈâÑۿɼûµÄËٶȼ±ËÙÏûÉ¢×Å£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ºð£¡¡±Ä§Ô³±¾¾Í²»ÊÇÕæÕýµÄÉúÁ飬¶øÊÇÖ¤µÀÌì½Ù¾ßÏÖ»¯µÄħÎÔÚËüµÄ¹ÛÄîÖ®Öиù±¾Ã»ÓжÔÓÚËÀÍöµÄ¿Ö¾å£¬Ö»ÓÐÍê³ÉÈÎÎñµÄÖ´ÄÒò´ËÄÄÅÂ×ÔÉíÒѾ±ôÁÙÏûÉ¢µÄ½á¾Ö£¬Ä§Ô³ÈÔÊÇ·¢³öÒ»ÉùºÁ²»Î·¾åµÄźð£¬Ê§È¥Ë«ÊÖµÄħԳֱ½ÓÉíÐÎÒ»×¹£¬ÒÔÄǸü¼Ó¾Þ´óµÄË«½ÅÏò׎£Õó²ÈÁËÏÂÀ´£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ä§Ô³ÌåÖغÎÖ¹ÒÚÍò¶Ù£¬ÄÄÅÂÊÇÈç½ñÕâÉíÌ弸ºõ±»Öïħ½£Æø»ÙÃðµÄÆßÁã°ËÂäµÄħԳ£¬ÆäÖØÁ¿Ò²¾ø¶Ô²»ÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ÉÒÔÈÝÈËСêïµÄÊý×Ö£¬¶øÖ¹¸êÁ÷½£Õó´ÓÀ´¶¼²»ÊÇÒÔ·ÀÓùÐÔÖø³ÆµÄ·ÀÓù½£Õó£¬ÉîÖªÕâÒ»µãµÄĬ²ÔÀë×ÔÊDz»»áÓëħԳÕýÃæӲƴ£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Ö»¼ûĬ²ÔÀëÐÄÄîÒ»¶¯£¬Ö¹¸êÁ÷½£ÕóËæÖ®¶ø±ä£¬»·ÈÆÔÚ½£ÕóÖ®ÍâÄÇÎÞÇîÎÞ¾¡µÄÄ«¿ñ½£Ó°²»¶ÏÏò×ÅÉÏ·½»ã¾Û¶øÀ´£¬Ë²¼ä»¯ÎªÉÏ°ÙÍò²ãϸÃܵĽ£Íø×èµ²ÔÚħԳ˫½Å֮ϡ£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡½£ÍøÓëħԳ˫½Å½Ó´¥µÄ˲¼ä×ÔÊÇÆÆËéÎÞÒÉ£¬µ«½£ÍøÖ®ÖÐËùÔ̺¬µÄÖïħ½£ÆøÈ´Ò²½«Ä§Ô³½ÅÏÂÏûÈ¥Ò»²ã£¬Èç´ËÒ»ÕÅÁ½ÕŵĽ£Íø¶ÔÓÚÅÓ´óÎޱȵÄħԳ¶øÑÔ×ÔÊDz»Í´²»Ñ÷£¬µ«µ±Õâ¸öÊýÁ¿Ôö¼Óµ½°ÙÍò»ùÊý֮ʱ£¬ÂäÈë½£ÍøÖ®ÖеÄħԳ±ãÈçÄàÅ£È뺣һ°ã£¬Õ£ÑÛÖ®¼äË«½ÅÁ¬Í¬Ð¡ÍȱãÒÑÏûʧÔÚ½£ÍøÖ®ÖУ¬¶øÕâʱĬ²ÔÀëµÄ×îÖÕɱÕÐÒ²ÒѾµ½ÁË£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡°ßí¡¡¡±Ä¬²ÔÀë·½Ò»ÔËÆø£¬¿ÚÖб㲻½û·¢³öÒ»ÉùÃƺߣ¬Ò»ÂÉÏÊѪ´ÓËû×ì½Ç»º»ºÁ÷³ö£¬È´ÊÇĬ²ÔÀëÁ¬Á¬ÒÔ×î´óÇ¿¶È´ß¶¯Ö¹¸êÁ÷ÕæÕ󣬶ÔËûÕâ±¾¾ÍÂÔÏÔ±¡ÈõµÄÉíÌåÔì³É¼«´óµÄ¸ººÉ£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ´ËʱĬ²ÔÀëÔڴ߶¯½£Íø×赲ħԳµÄͬʱÓÖÒª·ÖÐĶþÓÃÊ©Õ¹¼«ÕУ¬ÕâÁîËûµÄÉíÌåÊ®·Ö³Ô²»Ïû¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡²»¹ýĬ²ÔÀë±Ï¾¹ÊÇĬ²ÔÀ룬¿´ËƵĮÎÞÇéµÄËû¶Ô±ðÈ˺ݣ¬¶Ô×Ô¼ºÈ´ÊǸüºÝ£¬Íâ±í¿´ËÆÈáÈõµÄËûÖ±½Ó½«¿ÚÖÐÄæѪÍÌÈ븹ÖУ¬¶øºóÉìÊÖÕº×Å×ì½ÇѪ¼£ÔÚÄ«¿ñ½£ÉíÉÏһĨ£¬ÎüÊÕĬ²ÔÀë֮ѪµÄÄ«¿ñ¶ÙʱÕÀ·Å³öÒ«Ñ۵ݵ½ðÖ®¹â£¬Ö¹¸êÁ÷½£ÕóµÄÍþÄÜÒ²Ëæ¼´±©ÕÇÈý·Ö£¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡ÔÚĬ²ÔÀëµÄ²Ù¿Ø֮ϣ¬ÒÚÍòÖïħ½£Æø×