¡¶»ÄÒ°Õì̽¡·

ÏÂÔر¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

»ÄÒ°Õì̽- µÚ31²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡
ÒÓÖ³ÉÁ˹¶ÀÒ»ÈË£¬ÎÒ±äµÃ¿Õ¿Õµ´µ´¡£ÃÜÎ÷Î÷±ÈÕâ¸ö´ÊµÄ»ØÒôÔÚÎÒµÄÍ·¸ÇµÄ¹°¶¥Àï»Øµ´×Å£¬±»ÄÇÁ¾É±ÈËС³µ»ÙÃðµÄÀÍÀ­µÄÉíÌåÐÎÏóÔٴν¥½¥Ô¶È¥£¬ÀÍÀ­ÔÚÄ«Î÷¸ç³ÇµÄÌì¿ÕÖУ¬²»£¬ÔÚÂÞÂíСÇø£¬ÔÚ¿µµÂÈøСÇø£¬ÔÚ»ªÀ×˹СÇø£¬ÔÚ¿â°ÂÌØĪ¿ËÇøµÄÌì¿ÕÖУ¬Õö¿ªÑÛ¾¦£¬ÀÍÀ­µÄÑÛ¾¦ÕÕÁÁÁËÂÌÉ«ºÍ×غÖÉ«£¬ÕÕÁÁÁË¿ÆÔ¼°¢¿²ËùÓеÄש¿éºÍʯͷµÄÓ°×Ó¡£ºóÀ´ÎҾͲ»¼ÆÊýÁË£¬ÉîÉîµØÓõÁËÒ»¿Ú»òÕßÁ½¿ÚÆø£¬ºÃÏñÔâµ½Ò»³¡Ï®»÷£¬¹¾ßæ×Å˵ȥ°É£¬ÀÍÀ­£¿´ïÃ×°²¡£È¥°É£¬´ïÃ×°²¡£ÕâʱËýµÄÁ³ÖÕÓÚ±äµÃ÷öµ­£¬Îҵķ¿¼äÒѾ­²»ÔÙÓÐÀÍÀ­£¿´ïÃ×°²µÄÁ³ÅÓ£¬³ÉÁËÒ»¼äÏÖ´ú¾«Éñ²¡Ôº£¬ÓÐן÷ÖÖÏÖ´ú»¯µÄ±ãÀûÉèÊ©£¬ÄÇË«ÄýÍû×ÅÎÒµÄÑÛ¾¦ÓÖ±ä³ÉÁË»¤Ê¿µÄÑÛ¾¦¶ø²»ÊÇÀÍÀ­£¿´ïÃ×°²µÄÑÛ¾¦£¨ËýºóÄÔÉ׳¤×ÅÑÛ¾¦£¡£©£¬Èç¹û˵ÊÖ±íµÄÔ²Á³²»ÔÙÔÚÎÒµÄÊÖÍóÉÏÉÁ˸£¬²»ÊÇÒòΪÀÍÀ­ÄÃ×ßÁËËü£¬²»ÊÇÒòΪÀÍÀ­ÈÃÎÒÍÌÁËËü£¬¶øÊÇÈÃÄǼ¸¸ö·è×Ó͵×ßÁË£¬ÄãÄÜ¿´¼ûËûÃÇÔÚÕâÀïÅÜÀ´ÅÜÈ¥£¬ÎÒÃǵÄÕâЩ¿ÉÁ¯µÄÄ«Î÷¸ç·è×Ó£¬ÕâЩçײµØÕÛÌÚ×Å»òÕß¿Þº°×ÅȴʲôҲ²»¶®µÄÎÞÖªÎÞʶµÄÈËÃÇ¡£
¡¡¡¡°¢ÂíµÂ°Â£¿Èø¶ûÍßÌúÀ­£¬Î¯ÄÚÈðÀ­´ó½Ö£¬×Ú½ÌÉóÅй㳡¸½½ü£¬Ä«Î÷¸ç³ÇÁª°îÇø£¬1976Äê1Ô¡£
¡¡¡¡ÎÒÕÒµ½×Ô¼ºµÄÄDZ¾¡¶¿¨ÎÖ¶û¿¨¡·Ê±°ÑËü½ô½ô±§Ôڸ첲ÀÎÒÄýÊÓ×ÅËüÈ»ºó±ÕÉÏË«ÑÛ£¬ÏÈÉúÃÇ£¬ÒòΪ˭¶¼²»ÊÇʯͷ×öµÄ¡£ÎÒÓÖÕö¿ªÑÛ¾¦²»¶ÏµØ·­Ñ°ÄÇЩ×ÊÁÏ£¬ÎÞÒâÖз¢ÏÖÁËÂüŬ°£¶ûµÄÓ¡ÔÚµ¥Ãæ´ó¿ªÖ½Éϵġ¶Õæʵ1ºÅ¡·£¬1921ÄêËûÔÚÆÕ°£²¼À­µÄ¸÷ÖÖǽÉÏÕÅÌù¹ýÕⶫÎ÷£¬ËûÔÚÕâƪÎÄÕÂÖÐ̸µ½¡°Ä«Î÷¸çÕæʵÖ÷ÒåÏÈ·æÅÉ¡±£¬ÌýÉÏÈ¥Óеã¿ÉÅ£¬ÊÇÂ𣿵«Í¬Ê±¾«²Ê¾øÂס£Ëû»¹Ëµ¡°Îҵķè¿ñÎÞ·¨ÓÃÈκÎÔ¤ËãÀ´¼ÆË㡱£¬°¡£¬ÄÇÓÆÏеÄÉú»î£¬¡°Îҵķè¿ñÎÞ·¨ÓÃÈκÎÔ¤ËãÀ´¼ÆË㡱¡£²»¹ý£¬ÀïÃæÒ²Óкܲ»´íµÄ¶«Î÷£¬±ÈÈçËû˵£º¡°ÎÒÒªºÅÕÙËùÓÐÄ«Î÷¸çÄêÇáµÄÊ«ÈË¡¢»­¼Ò¡¢µñËܼң¬ËûÃÇÒѾ­±»Õþ¸®ÏÐְλµÄ½ð·¹ÍëÎÛȾ£¬ÒѾ­±»¹Ù·½ÇúÒâ·î³ÐµÄÆÀÂÛ¡¢±»´Ö³ºÍ*µÄ´óÖںȲÊËùçèÎÛ£¬ËûÃÇ»¹ÔÚ°²Àï¿Ë£¿¸ÔÈøÀ×˹£¿Âí¶ûµÙÄÚ˹£Û1£Ý°²Àï¿Ë£¿¸ÔÈøÀ×˹£¿Âí¶ûµÙÄÚ˹£¨Enrique¡¡Gonz¨¢lez¡¡Mart¨ªnez£¬1871¡ª1952£©£¬Ä«Î÷¸çÊ«ÈË£¬ÔøÈÎפ°¢¸ùÍ¢¡¢ÖÇÀûºÍÎ÷°àÑÀÍâ½»¹Ù¡££Û1£ÝµÄ»¶ÑçÉÏÌò×ÅÅÌ×Ó£¬ÎÒÒªºÅÕÙËûÃÇËùÓеÄÈËÓÃÖÇÐÔ¾«Éñ²»±äµÄä¸Á÷´´ÔìÒÕÊõ¡£ËùÓÐÄÇЩ»³ÓÐÃÀºÃÐÅÑö£¬ËùÓÐÄÇЩÔÚÉ¢·¢×ÅÁúÉàÀ¼¾Æ°É³ôÆøÒÔ¼°ÓÍըʳƷËÀÆø³Á³ÁÓàÈȵÄÃñ×åÖ÷ÒåýÌå¿ÉÁ¯¡¢¶ñ³ôµÄÐúÏùÖл¹Ã»Óб»·ÛËéµÄÈËÃÇ£¬È«¶¼ÒÔ¼´½«µ½À´¡¢ÔڻԻͶÓÁÐÖÐÓëÎÒÃDz¢¼ç×÷Õ½µÄÄ«Î÷¸çÕæʵÖ÷ÒåÏÈ·æÅɵÄÃûÒåºÅÕÙÆðÀ´¡­¡­¡±ÄǸöÂüŬ°£¶û³¤×ÅÒ»ÌõÒø×Ó°ãµÄÉàÍ·¡£ÒøÉ࣡ÏÖÔÚ¿´À´£¬ÓÐЩ»°µÄÒâ˼ÎÒÒѾ­¿´²»¶®ÁË¡£±ÈÈç¡°ºÅÕÙ¡±Õâ¸ö´Ê¡£Ëû´ó¸ÅÏë±í´ïÕÙ»½¡¢ºô»½¡¢¾Û¼¯ÉõÖÁÖ¸»ÓµÄÒâ˼£¬ÈÃÎÒÇÆÇÆ£¬ÎÒÀ´²é²é×ֵ䡣û´í£¬¡°ºÅÕÙ¡±»¹ÓбðµÄº¬Òå¡£¿ÉÊÇÄã¸ã²»ÇåÒ²ÓпÉÄÜÊÇÓ¡Ë¢¹¤ÎóÅÅ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÓá°ºÅÕÙ¡±µÄµØ·½Ó¦¸ÃÓá°È°¸æ¡±£¬Õâ²Å¸üÏñÂüŬ°£¶ûµÄÒâ˼£¬ÖÁÉÙÏñÎÒµ±Ê±ÈÏʶµÄÄǸöÂüŬ°£¶û¡£ÕâÒ²¿ÉÄÜÊǸöÀ­¶¡´Ê»òÕßÐÂÉú´Ê£¬Ë­ÖªµÀÄØ¡£Ò²¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒ»¸ö±»ÎóÓõÄÊõÓï¡£ÎÒ¶ÔÄÇÁ½¸öС»ï×ÓÕâÑù½²¡£ÎÒ˵£ºº¢×ÓÃÇ£¬ÂüŬ°£¶ûµÄÉ¢ÎľÍÊÇÕâÑù×Ó£¬×ÜÊÇÔÚ³å´Ì£¬×ÜÊÇÔÚÉ¿¶¯£¬³äÂúÁËÈÃÎÒÃÇ·ÐÌÚºÍÒâÂÒµÄÓïÑÔ£¬ÏÖÔÚ£¬ÕâÑùµÄÉ¢ÎÄÔÚÄãÃÇ¿´À´Ò²ÐíûʲôÁ˲»Æ𣬿ÉÊÇÔÚÄǸöʱ´úÈ´¹ÄÎèÁ˸ïÃü´óÖÚ£¬¹ÄÎèÁËÄÇЩÊÓËÀÈç¹éµÄÓ²ºº£¬ËûÃÇÒ»¶Áµ½»òÕßÌýµ½ÂüŬ°£¶ûµÄ»°¾Í»áÔÚ·ÉÏվס£¬À䶳°ãÄý¹Ìס£¬ºÃÏñҪ˵ÕâÊÇʲô°¡£¬ÕâÑùµÄÉ¢ÎÄÈÃÊ«¸èÏñ´óº£Ò»°ã£¬Ä«Î÷¸çÌì¿ÕϵĴ󺣡£¿ÉÎÒÕâÊÇÔÚÄÄÀï°¡£¿ÎҸ첲ÏÂÃæ¼Ð×ÅÄÇ·ÝΩһµÄ¡¶¿¨ÎÖ¶û¿¨¡·£¬×óÊÖÄÃ×Å¡¶Õæʵ1ºÅ¡·£¬ÓÒÊÖ¶Ë×ÅËÕÎ÷´ï˹Åƾƣ¬Ò»±ßºÈ×ÅÒ»±ß¸øËûÃǶÁ×ÅÀ´×ÔÒ£Ô¶µÄ1921ÄêµÄÎÄ×Ö£¬Í¬Ê±£¬ÔÚÅóÓÑÃÇ£¨ÄêÇáÈËÓÀÔ¶¶¼ÊÇÎÒµÄÅóÓÑ£©µÄ´ØÓµÖУ¬ÌÖÂÛ×ÅÎÄÕºÍ÷˹¿¨¶û¾Æ£¬ÕâÖֱ߶Á±ßÒûµÄ·½Ê½ºÎÆäã«Ò⣬Èç´Ë´ÓÈݲ»ÆÈ£¬Æ¿Öоƻ¹Ê£²»¶àʱ£¬ÎÒÌíÁË×îºóÒ»ÂÖ£¬ÐÄÀï¶ÔÎÒµÄÄÇÆ¿³ÂÄ굤Һ˵×ÅÔÙ¼û£¬ÎÒ¶Á×Å¡¶Õæʵ1ºÅ¡·µÄ×îºó²¿·Ö¡¶ÏÈ·æÅÉĿ¼¡·£¬ÄǸöʱ´ú£¨ÏÔÈ»°üÀ¨ºóÀ´£¬ÒÔ¼°´Ó´ËÖ®ºó£©£¬Õâ·ÝĿ¼ÈÃÄÚÐС¢ÍâÐС¢×÷¼Ò¡¢Ñ§ÕßÃǶ¼´ó³ÔÒ»¾ª¡£Ä¿Â¼ÒÔÀ­ì³¶û£¿¿²Î÷ŵ˹¡ª°¢É­Ë¹ºÍÀ­ÃÉ£¿¸êÂó˹£¿µÂ£¿À­£¿Èû¶ûÄɵÄÃû×Ö¿ªÊ¼¡£ÕâͦÆæ¹Ö°É£¿¿²Î÷ŵ˹¡ª°¢É­Ë¹ºÍÀ­ÃÉ£¿¸êÂó˹£¿µÂ£¿À­£¿Èû¶ûÄÉ£¬ºÃÏñ²©¶ûºÕ˹ºÍÂüŬ°£¶û£¬ÓÐ×ÅÐÄÁé¸ÐӦʽµÄ½»Á÷£¬ÄãÃÇ»áÕâÑùÈÏΪÂ𣿣¨ÄãÖªµÀ£¬ÄǸö°¢¸ùÍ¢ÈËÆÀÂÛ¹ýÂüŬ°£¶û1922ÄêдµÄÒ»±¾½Ð¡¶½ÊÐĮ̀µÄ±¾ÖÊ¡·µÄÊ飩£¬½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄÈËÊÇ£ºÀ­ì³¶û£¿À­Ë÷£¿µÂ£¿À­£¿Î¬¼Ó¡¢¼ªÁÐĪ£¿µÂ£¿ÍÐÀס¢ºÀ¶ûºÕ£¿Â·Ò×˹£¿²©¶ûºÕ˹¡¢¿ËÀ³°ÂµÙ¶ûµÂ£¿Â·Ò×Î÷£¨ÕâÊǺÎÈËÄØ£¿£©£¬ÎÂÉ­ÌØ£¿Â³ÒÁ˹£¿Î¬¶à·òÂÞ¡£ÕâÊÇÄãµÄͬ°û£¬ÎÒ¶ÔÆäÖÐÒ»¸öС»ï×Ó˵¡£ºÕÀ­¶û¶à£¿µü¸ê¡¢Å·ºàÄá°Â£¿ÃÉÌØ˹¡¢ÅåµÂÂÞ£¿¼Ó·ÆÑÇ˹¡¢Â¶Î÷æ«£¿É£ÇÐ˹£¿ÉÜÄá¶û£¿J¡£ÀïÍß˹£¿ÅÁÄÚ´ï˹¡¢°£ÄÚ˹ÍУ¿ÂåÅå×È£¿ÅÁÀ­¡¢ºú°²£¿À­À×ÑÇ¡¢»ª½ð£¿µÂ£¿À­£¿°£Ë¹¿ÆËÕÀ­¡¢ºÎÈû£¿µÂ£¿Î÷ÀïÑÇ¡ª°£Ë¹¿¨À¼ÌØ¡¢ÈûÈø¶û£¿A¡¢¿Æ÷ÌØ¡¢ÒÁÈø¿Ë£¿µÂ¶û£¿°à¶à£¿±È¶ûÀ­¡£ÄãÃÇÒ²¿´µ½ÁË£¬Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸öa×Ö¡£Ò²ÐíÓÖÊÇÓ¡Ë¢´íÎ󣬰¢µÂÀïÑÇŵ£¿°ÍÁС¢ºú°²£¿À­Ë¹¡£Õâ½ÐʲôÃû×Ö°¡¡£Ã«ÀïÎ÷°Â£¿°Í¿¨ÀïÈû¡¢ÂÞ¸ñÀï°Â£¿²¼¶÷µÏÑÇ¡¢Î¬É­ÌØ£¿Àï˹¿Æ¡¢ÅåµÂÂÞ£¿À×´ï¡¢°²¶«Äá°Â£¿°£Ë¹Æ¤ÄÉ¡¢°¢µÀ¸¥£¿ÈøÀ­Èø¶û¡¢Ã׸ñ¶û£¿ÂÞ÷ÂÞ£¿Âí¶¡ÄÚ˹¡¢Ï£Àï¿Ë°££¿¿­ËþÂÞ¡£ÓÖÒ»¸öºÁÎÞ¼ÛÖµµÄ¶«Î÷¡£°²¶«Äá°Â£¿M¡£¿â²©ÂÞ¡£»ª½ð£¿°®µÂ»ª×È¡£Ëû¿ÉÄÜÓÖÊÇÎÒµÄͬ°û£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öС»ï×Ó˵¡£ÅåµÂÂÞ£¿ÒÁÀ³Î÷ÑÇ˹¡¢»ª½ð£¿µÂ£¿°¢ÂÞ¿¨¡¢À³°º£¿·ÑÀïÅå¡£°£Àû°Â¶àÂÞ£¿ÆÕÇС¢ÆÕÁÐÍУ¿ÂÞ÷ÂÞ¡£ÇÆ£¬ÎÒ˵£¬ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½µÄÈ«ÊÇÐÂÈ˵ÄÃû×ÖÁË¡£Õâ¿É²»ÊǸöºÃÕ×Í·¡£¸¥À¼Î÷˹¿Æ£¿±È¼ª¡¢Óê¹û£¿ÂíÔ¼¡¢°ÍÍжû÷£¿¼ÓÁÖµÂ˹¡¢ºú°²£¿À­ÃÉ£¿Ï£ÃÉ˹¡¢À­ÃÉ£¿µÂ¶û£¿°ÍÁСªÓ¢¿ËÀ¼¡¢ºÎÈû£¿°Â¶ûÌؼӡª¼ÓÈûÌØ£¬Ì㿺ÎÈû³öÏÖÔÚÕâ¸öÃûµ¥ÉϾ¿¾¹Ïë¸ÉÂð°¡£¡°¢¶û¸¥Ë÷£¿À×Ү˹¡¢ºÎÈû£¿ºú°²£¿Ëþ·òÀ­´ï¡¢µü¸ê£¿ÀïΤÀ­¡¢´÷ά£¿°¢¶û·¨ÂÞ£¿Î÷¿­ÂÞ˹¡¢ÂíÀï°Â£¿µÂ£¿ÈøÑÇ˹¡¢ºÎÈû£¿D¡£¸¥ÀïÑÇ˹¡¢·Ñ¶ûÃ÷£¿À×Τ¶ûËþ˹¡¢Î÷¶ûΤ˹ÌØÀ×£¿À×Τ¶ûËþ˹¡¢P¡£°£²éÍßÀïÑÇ¡¢°ÂÌضû£¬ÎÒÏë¿ÉÄÜÊÇÄǸöÁ˲»ÆðµÄ°ÂÌضû²©Ê¿¡£J¡£ÍÐÀ×˹¡ª¼ÓÎ÷ÑÇ¡¢À­ì³¶û£¿P¡£°ÍÀ­´ï˹¡¢J¡£Èø¶û°ÍÌØ£¿ÅÁÅÁÈûÌØ¡¢ºÎÈû£¿ÂêÀöÑÇ£¿Ò®ÅµÒÁ¡¢Èã¿°£ÆÕ˹̩¡¢Èã¿Àí²éµÂ£¿²¼ÀÍ¿Ë¡¢Æ¤°£¶û£¿²¼Â³ÄÚ£¬ÄãÖªµÀËûÊÇË­Âð£¿ÂêÀöÑÇ£¿²¼À¼²éµÂ¡¢¿Æ¶ûÄڰ¡¢·¨À×£¬ÎÒ¾õµÃÂüŬ°£¶ûÔÚÕâ¶ùÍêÈ«Ïñ±äÏ··¨ËƵĴÓñ×ÓÀïÈ¡³öÃû×Ö¡£¸¥Äá¶û¡¢ÀïÅ·£¬Æäʵ£¬ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔÄÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÉúÃü´òÕâ¸ö¶Ä¡£Mme¡¢¼ªÒÁ£¿Âå°¢Âü£¬ËûÂèµÄ£¬±§Ç¸¡£ÂêÀöÑÇ£¿ÀÍÂ×ÐÁ£¬ÏÖÔÚÇé¿ö¿ªÊ¼ºÃת¡£¶Åŵɪ¶û£¿µÂ£¿Èû¸ÔÈø¿Ë¡£ÓÖÔã¸âÁË¡£Äĸö·¨¹úÔÓÖÖÔÚקÂüŬ°£¶ûµÄÍÈ£¿»òÐíËûÊÇÔÚÔÓÖ¾ÉÏ·¢ÏÖÕâ¸öÃû×ֵģ¿ºéÄÚ¸ñ¶û¡¢¸ñ°Â¶û¸ñ˹£¿°ÂÀï¿Ë¡¢°ÂÉ­·²ÌØ¡¢°¢¶û²®ÍУ¿¸ñÀ³Èû˹¡¢Æ¤°£¶û£¿À×άµÏ£¬ÖÕÓÚ×ß³öÕÓÔóµØÁË¡£ºú°²£¿¸ñÀï˹¡¢Äá¹ÅÀ­Ë¹£¿²©µÂ¶÷¡¢ÍþÁ®£¿Ë¹ÅÉ˼¡¢È㿱«¶ûºº¡¢¼ªÁÐÀÍ÷£¿°¢²¨ÀïÄζû¡¢Î÷Ƥ¶÷¡¢Âí¿Æ˹£¿ÑŸ÷²¼¡¢ºÀ¶ûºÕ£¿²¼À­¿Ë¡¢Ëհ͸ñ¡¢¿ËÀï˹¡¢ÌØÀï˹̹£¿ÌØÈøÀ­¡¢¸¥À¼Î÷˹¿Æ£¿Æ¤¿¨±ÈÑÇ¡¢ºÀ¶ûºÕ£¿ÀﱴĪÌØ¡ªµÂÈû¸ñÄÚ¡¢ÈÈÄ᣿¶ÅÀ¼¡¢°¢ÆõÅí¿Æ¡¢Ë÷ÅݶûÌØ¡¢²¼À³¶Ù¡¢±£ÂÞ£¿°£Â¦Íߵ¡¢ÂíÈû¶û£¿¶Å²éÄ·¡£µ±×ÅÁ½¸öС»ï×ÓµÄÃ棬˵µÃ¿ÍÆøµã£¬ÎÒͬÒâÕâÑù˵ºÜÎä¶Ï£º¹Ü¸¥À¼Î÷˹£¿Æ¤¿¨±ÈÑǽи¥À¼Î÷˹¿Æ£¬¹Ü¸ñ°Â¶û¸ñ£¿²¼À­¿Ë½ÐºÀ¶ûºÕ£¿²¼À­¿Ë£¬²»°ÑÂíÈû¶û£¿µÂ¶û£¿¿¨²¨½ÐÂíÈûÂå»òÕß±£ÂÞ£¿°£ÂåÍߵ£¿°Í²¼ÂÞ£¬°£ÂåÍßµÂÀïȱ¸ö¡°Â¦¡±×Ö£¬·¨ÓïÊ«¸è°®ºÃÕßûÓÐÈ˲»ÖªµÀ¡£¸ü²»ÒªËµ²¼À³¶ÙÒª´ø¸öÖØÒô¡£Õâ·ÝÏÈ·æÅÉĿ¼¼ÌÐøÁоÙ×ÅÖ÷È˹«ÃǵÄÃû×Ö£¬´íÎóÒ²ÈçÓ°ËæÐΣº¸¥À¼¿Ë¶û¡¢Èû¶ûÄÚ¡¢°£Àï¿Ë£¿ÈøµÙ¶û¡¢°£Àï¶û£¿¸¥Àס¢°Í²¼ÂÞ£¿±Ï¼ÓË÷¡¢ÎÖ¶ûÌØ£¿²©À­µÂ£¿°¢Â×˹²®¸ñ¡¢ÈûÀûÄÚ£¿°¢Åµ¶ûµÂ¡¢ÎÖ¶ûÌØ£¿ÅÁ¿Ë¡¢²¼Â³Ë¹£¬°ÝÍУ¡Ä¦¸ù£¿ÂÞÈû¶û¡¢Âí¶û¿Ë£¿²é¸ê¶û¡¢ºÕ¶û£¿°ÍµÂ¶û¡¢Âí¿Æ˹£¿¶÷˹ÌØ¡¢¿ËÀï˹µÙÄÈ£¿É³µÂ¡¢ÀûƤÆæÌØ˹¡¢°Â¶ûµÙ˹£¿µÂ£¿ÈøÀ­ÌØ¡¢¿Æ¶ûÀ×ÑÇ£¿µÂ£¿°¢ÀÍ»ô¡¢¹þ¿Ë²¼É­¡¢Ï£¿Æ¶ûµÂ¡¢Ñǵ±£¿·ÑÉá¶û¡¢·ÑÉá¶û·òÈË¡¢Åå¶û£¿¿ËÁú¡¢°¢¶û¸¥£¿ÂÞ¶û¸¥É­¡¢Ò®°ÂÄÚ¶ûÌØ¡¢Æ¤°£ÌØ£¿ÃɵÂÀï°²¡¢Íжû˹̩ɭ¡¢°¢À│·òÈË¡¢°Â˹ÌØÂÞÄ·¡¢¸ñÀûÄÚ¡¢Èø¶ûÍС¢Î¤²©¡¢ÎÚ˹ÌØ¡¢¿Æ¿ËµÏ¿¨¡¢¿µ¶¨Ë¹»ù¡¢Ë¹ÌØÀײ®¸ñ£¨ÄªË¹¿Ë£©À¨ºÅÀïµÄ×¢Ê͵±È»ÊÇÂüŬ°£¶û¼ÓµÄ¡£ºÃÏñ´ó¼Ò¶¼ºÜÇå³þ±ðÈ˵ı³¾°£¬Ò»¸öС»ï×Ó˵¡£±ÈÈ磬ºÕ¶û£¿°ÍµÂ¶û¡¢¿ÆÀï˹£¬»¹ÓÐÄǸö¿Æ¿ËµÏ¿¨£¬Ìý×ÅÏñÊÇ¿Æ¿ËÏ£¿¨£¬»¹ÓÐÀïÅ·¡¢Ñǵ±ºÍ·ÑÉá¶û·òÈË¡£ÎªÊ²Ã´ÒªÐ´³ÉĪ˹¿Ë¶ø²»Ð´³ÉĪ˹¿ÆÄØ£¿ÎÒ´óÉù·¢³öÖÊÒÉ¡£ÎÒÃǼÌÐøÍùÏ¿´×Å¡£ÔÚÕâλĪ˹¿¨ÍßµÄרԱ¹ýºó¾ÍûÓжíÂÞ˹ÈËÁË¡£Â¬ÄDzì¶û˹»ù·òÈË¡¢°¬ÁÖ²®¸ñ¡¢ËþÀûÄÚ¡¢¸Ô²ìÂå˹»ù¡¢Âí²ì¿Æ·ò¡¢°£¿¨Ë¹Ìضû·òÈË¡¢Î¤ÀÕ£¿ÃÉÄÉÌØ¡¢Âí¶ûάÄÉ¡¢À­Àﰺŵ¡¢¹±µÙÑÇŵÍÞ¡¢±´ÅµÍÞ¡¢Ë÷µÙÄÚ£¬Õâ¸öÃû×ÖÏÔÈ»²ØÔÚ×ÖĸnºóÃæ¡£´÷²¼À³ÌØ¡¢µÀ˹²®¸ñ¡¢À×Äζû¡¢²ì¶÷¡¢µÂÀï°²¡¢ÎÖ¶ûÌØÂåÍߣ¿ËÕ¶û=Ä¿ËÂס£ºÁÎÞÒÉÎÊ£¬ËûÊÇÕâÒ»ÅúÖÐ×îºÃµÄ¡£»òÕßÊÇËý£¬ÒòΪÐèÒªÖªµÀ£¨ÖÁÉÙÔÚÄ«Î÷¸ç£©ÎÖ¶ûÌØÂåÍߣ¿ËÕ¶û=Ä¿ËÂ×ÊÇÄÐÐÔ»¹ÊÇÅ®ÐÔ¡£È㿿Ƶٰ£¡¢Æ¤°£¶û£¿°¢¶û²®ÌØ£¿±ÈÂÞÌØ¡¢ÂõÌØÐÁ¸ñ¡¢Èã¿ÏÄÂåÌØ¡¢ÄªÀï˹£¿À×Äζû¡¢Æ¤ÓÈ¿Ë˹¡¢ÂíÀïÄÚÌØ¡¢Â¬Î÷Äá¡¢±£ÂÞ£¿²¼Î÷¡¢A¡£ÅÁÀ­²ñ˹»ù¡¢°²Àï¿Ë£¿¿¨Íß´Ä»ùÅ·Àï¡¢Àû±´ÂÞ£¿°Â¶ûÍÐÂíÀ×£¬ÎÒ²»ÖªµÀÔõô»ØÊ£¬ÎҵļÇÒä³öÏÖÁËÎÊÌ⣬С»ï×ÓÃÇ£¬Õâ¸öÃû×ÖÎÒÌý×ÅÏñ°¢¶ûΤÍУ¿ÈøάÄáŵ¡£Â¬Î÷ÑÇŵ£¿¸¥¸ñ¶û£¬¶àºÃÌýµÄÃû×Ö£¬ÄãÃDz»¾õµÃÂð£¿ÔÚÔªÊ׵ľü¶ÓÀïÓиöÉ¡±øʦ¾Í½Ð¸¥¸ñ¶û¡£Ò»ÈºÍ¬ÐÔÁµ£¬ÈðĴóÀûÑÇÈËÌßËûÃǵÄƨ¹É¡£E¡£¿¨¶ûµÏÀÕ¡¢G¡£¿¨Àï¶ûÀû¡¢F¡£ÂüÈû¶ûÀ­£¿·ÒµÙÄá¡¢°ÂÂÞ£¿µÂ£¿°¢¶û°Í¡¢ÂíÀï°Â£¿±´Í¼´ï¡¢°¢Âü¶à£¿ÂíÈø¡¢M¡£²©Î÷°ÂÄá¡¢¿¨¶ûÀ­¡¢G¡£ÈûÍþÀûÄá¡¢°ÍÀû¶ûÀ­£¿ÆÕÀ­ÌØÀ­¡¢¿µÖìŵ¡¢¿Æ¶ûÀ­¡¢ÂíÀûÑÇŵ¡¢²©Î÷°ÂÄᣬÕâ²»ÊÇÎÒ×Ô¼ºÔÚÖظ´£¬ÊÇÂüŬ°£¶û»òÕßÄÇ¿ÉŵÄÓ¡Ë¢¹¤¸ÉµÄ¡£·ÑÎ÷¡¢ÈûµÙÂó¶ûÀû¡¢¿¨¶ûÀû¡¢°ÂÆëÈû¡¢ÀûÄɵ١¢µÙÑÇ£¿ÂÞÈø¡¢Ê¥£¿²¨¶÷ÌØ¡¢µÏÎÖ¶ûÀס¢ÂíµÙÄᡢĪÀ×µÙ¡¢Æ¤À­µÂÂå¡¢ÍÐÆë¡¢°£ÎÖÀ­¡¢°¢µÂ¸ß¡¢ÈøÎ÷Äáŵ¡¢ÍÐÎÖÀ­ÍС¢µÀ²¼ÀÕ¡¢µÀ˹²®¸ñ¡¢²¼Âå¸ñÀï°Â¡¢ÓÈÌØÀïÂÞ¡¢·¨·òÀï¡¢ÍßÌØÀï¸ñÄÉÌØ¡¢ÁиꡢŵÀ­£¿²©¶ûºÕ˹¡¢ÈøÎÖÀï¡¢¼ªÃס¢·²£¿¸ß¡¢¸ñÂÀÄÚÍ߶ûµÂ¡¢µÂÀ׶÷¡¢¿Æ¿µÄÚÌØ¡¢²¨ÐÁ¸ßÌضû¡¢Âí¶û¿­¡¢¼ª¶ûÄÚ˹¡¢¸¥±ö¡¢µÂÀÍÄΡ¢¿â¶û¿Ë¡¢ÊæΤÌضû˹£¬Ó¦¸ÃÊÇ¿âÌØ£¿ÊæΤÌضû˹£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»¸öС»ï×Ó£¬ÄǸöÄ«Î÷¸çÈË˵£¬ºÃÏñ¸Õ´ÓÀ³ÅµÖýÅÅ»úµÄµØÓüÀï·¢ÏÖÁË×Ô¼ºÊ§×ÙµÄË«°ûÌ¥Ðֵܣ¬º£ÄáÇС¢¿ËÀ³Ä·£¬¿ÉÄÜÊÇ¿ËÀï¡£ÔóÄÚ¶û¡¢¼ªÅµ¡£¼òÖ±ÊÇÖÐаÁË£¬Ã»ÓбÈÕâ¸ü¼Ó»ÞɬµÄÁË¡£¸ß¶ûÀû¡¢²©Ì©¡¢Î÷°Â¿¨ÍС¢ÇÇÖΣ¿±´Â¦Ë¼¡¢¼ª°Â¶û¼ª°Â£¿µÂ£¿ÆëÀï¿Ë¡¢ÄªµÏ¸ñÀïÑÇÄá¡¢¿²ËþÀ×Àû¡¢Ë÷·Æ˼¡¢¿¨À×ÄÉ£¬Ä¿Â¼µ½ÕâÀï¾Í½áÊøÁË£¬ÔÚ¿¨À×ÄɺóÃæÓÃÁ˲»ÏéµÄ¡°µÈµÈ¡±Ò»´Ê¡£ÎÒ¶ÁÍêÄÇ·ÝÈß³¤µÄÃûµ¥ºó£¬Á½¸öС»ï×Ó¹òÏ»òÕßרעµØËàÁ¢£¬ÎÒʵÔÚÏë²»ÆðÊÇÄĸö¶¯×÷£¬µ«Õâ²¢²»ÖØÒª£¬ÏñÊ¿±ø°ãËàÁ¢»òÕßÏñ¸öò¯³ÏµÄÐÅͽ°ã¹òÔÚÄÇÀºÈÍê×îºóÒ»¿Ú¾ÆÒÔʾ¶ÔËùÓÐÄÇЩÊìϤ»òÄ°Éú¡¢±»ËûÃǵÄËï×Ó±²ÃǼÇסÉõÖÁ±»Íü¼ÇµÄÃû×Ö±íʾÖ¾´£¬ÎÒ¿´×ÅÕâÁ½¸öÒ»·ÖÖÓÇ°»¹Ã²ËÆÈÏÕæµÄС»ï×Ó£¬×¨×¢µØËàÁ¢ÔÚÎÒÃæÇ°£¬ÏòÄÇÃæÆìÖÄ»òÕßÒѾ­µ¹ÏµÄͬ°éÖ¾´£¬ÎÒÒ²¾ÙÆð±­×ÓÒ»Òû¶ø¾¡£¬¶ÔÎÒÃÇËùÓеÄËÀÕßÒÔʾ¾´Òâ¡£

µÚ¶þ²¿»ÄÒ°Õì̽£¨30£©
·ÑÀïÅ壿ÄÂÀÕ£¬É­ÌØÀï¿Æ¾Æ°É£¬Ëþ¶ûÀÕ˹´ó½Ö£¬°ÍÈûÂÞÄÇ£¬1977Äê5Ô¡£
¡¡¡¡°¢Í¼ÂÞ£¿±´À­Åµµ½°ÍÈûÂÞÄǺó¸úĸÇ×סÔÚÒ»Æð¡£Ä¸Ç×ÒѾ­ÔÚÕâÀïסÁ˺ü¸Ä꣬Óв¡ÔÚÉí¡£ËýµÃÁ˼××´ÏÙ»úÄÜ¿º½ø£¬ÊݵÃÌرðÀ÷º¦£¬¿´ÉÏÈ¥¾ÍÏñÒ»¾ßÐÐ×ßµÄ÷¼÷á£
¡¡¡¡ÄÇʱÎÒסÔÚºúËþ£¿µÂ£¿¿ÆĬÎ÷°Â´ó½Ö¸ç¸çµÄ¼ÒÀÕâÌõ½ÖÉϵ½´¦¶¼ÓÐÖÇÀûÈË¡£°¢Í¼ÂÞµÄĸÇ×¾ÍסÔÚÕâÀïµÄËþ¶ûÀÕ˹£¬¾ÍÊÇÎÒÏÖÔÚסµÄµØ·½£¬Í¬ÑùûÓÐÁÜÔ¡ÉèÊ©£¬¹ýµÀҲûÓвÞËù¡£ÎÒµ½°ÍÈûÂÞÄÇʱ¸øËý´øÀ´Ò»±¾°¢Í¼ÂÞÔÚÄ«Î÷¸ç³öµÄÊ«¼¯¡£ËýÇÆÁËÇÆÊ飬×ìÀﺬº¬ºýºýµØ˵Á˼¸¾äʲô¡£ÎÒ²»ÖªµÀËýÔÚ˵ʲô£¬×ÜÖ®ÊÇÌý²»¶®¡£ËýµÄÇé¿ö·Ç³£²»ºÃ¡£ÒòΪ¼××´ÏÙ»úÄÜ¿º½øµÄÔµ¹Ê£¬Ëý×ÜÊÇ¿ñÔê²»°²µØ×ßÀ´×ßÈ¥£¬¶øÇÒ¾­³£¿ÞÆü¡£ËýµÄÑÛ¾¦ºÃÏñ¶¼Òª´ÓÑÛÎÑÀﱩ³öÀ´ÁË¡£ËýµÄÊÖ²ü¶¯²»ÒÑ¡£ÓÐʱËý»¹»á·¢ÉúÏø´­£¬¿ÉÊÇÈ´ÄÜÿÌì³éÒ»°üÑÌ¡£Ëý³éµÄÊÇÄÇÖÖºÚÉ«Ñ̲ݣ¬Ïñ°¢Í¼ÂÞµÄÃÃÃÿ¨ÃÅÒ»Ñù£¬¿¨ÃŸúĸÇ×סһÆ𣬵«°×Ìì´ó¶àÊýʱºò¶¼ÔÚÍâÃæ¡£¿¨ÃÅÔÚÎ÷°àÑÀ*×ö±£½à£¬ÔÚ¸úÒ»¸ö°²´ï¬ϣÑÇÈË̸Áµ°®£¬¸ÃÈËÊǹ²²úµ³¡£ÎÒÔÚÄ«Î÷¸ç¼ûµ½¿¨ÃÅʱËýÊǸöÍÐÂå´Ä»ù·Ö×Ó£¬ÏÖÔÚ»¹ÊÇ£¬¿ÉËýÈ´ÔÚ¸úÄǸö°²´ï¬Î÷ÑÇÈË̸Áµ°®¡ª¡ªÄǸö°²´ï¬Î÷ÑÇÈË£¬Èç¹û²»ÊǸöÖÒÐĹ¢¹¢µÄ˹´óÁÖÖ÷ÒåÕߣ¬Ò²ºÜÓпÉÄÜÊǸöÖÒÐĹ¢¹¢µÄ²¼À×˼ÄÚΤÅÉ£¬ÕâÔÚµ±Ê±ÄǸö»·¾³Ï»ù±¾ÉÏÊÇÒ»»ØÊ¡£ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎ£¬ËûÊÇÍÐÂå´Ä»ù·Ö×ÓµÄËÀµÐ£¬ËûÃÇÖ®¼äµÄ¹ÊÊÂÒ»¶¨ºÜÉú¶¯¡£
¡¡¡¡ÎÒÔÚ¸ø°¢Í¼ÂÞµÄÐÅÀï°ÑÕâÒ»Çж¼ËµÁË¡£ÎÒ¸æËßËûĸÇ×ÉíÌåºÜ²»ºÃ¡£ÎÒ»¹ËµËûĸÇ×ÈÕ½¥Ë¥Èõ£¬Ã»ÓÐÇ®»¨£¬Õâ¸ö³ÇÊÐÕýÔÚÒªËýµÄÃü¡£ÎÒÓÐʱÕâÑù¾À²øËûÊÇÒòΪ²»ÖªµÀ»¹ÄÜÔõôÑù£¬Ö»ÄܸæËßËûµÃ°ï°ïĸÇ×£¬ÒªÃ´¼ÄÇ®¹ýÀ´£¬ÒªÃ´°ÑËý½Ó»ØÄ«Î÷¸ç¡£ÓÐʱ°¢Í¼Â޵Ĵð¸´ÈÃÄã¸ã²»Çå¸Ã²»¸Ãµ±Õæ¡£ÓÐÒ»´ÎËû»ØÐÅ˵£º¡°¸æËßËûÃǼá³ÖÏÂÈ¥¡£ÎҺܿì¾Í»á¹ýÀ´´òµãºÃÒ»Çеġ£¿ÉÊÇÑÛÏÂËûÃÇÒ»¶¨ÒªÍ¦×¡¡£¡±Ì«ºñÑÕÎÞ³ÜÁË¡£ÎÒ»ØÐÅ˵Ëý£¨µ¥Êý£©Í¦²»ÏÂÈ¥ÁË¡£¾ÝÎÒËùÖª£¬ËûµÄÃÃÃÃ״̬¼«¼Ñ£¬µ«Ã¿Ìì¸úĸÇ׳³¼Ü£¬Ëû±ØÐëµÃ¾¡¿ìΪĸÇ××öµãʲôÁË£¬·ñÔò¾Í»áʧȥÕâ¸ö°ÑËû´øµ½ÈËÊÀ¼äÀ´µÄÅ®ÈË¡£ÄǶÎʱ¼äÎÒ°Ñ×Ô¼ºËùÓеÄÓàÇ®¶¼½è¸ø°¢Í¼ÂÞµÄĸÇ×£¬×ܹ²´óÔ¼Á½°ÙÃÀÔª£¬ÕâÊÇÎÒ1975ÄêÔÚÄ«Î÷¸ç»ñµÃµÄÒ»ÏîÊ«¸è½±½±½ðµÄÓà¶î£¬ÎÒÓÃÄDZʽ±½ðÏÈÂòÁËÒ»ÕÅÈ¥°ÍÈûÂÞÄǵķɻúƱ¡£µ±È»ÎÒûÓаÑÕâ¸ö¸æËßËû¡£²»¹ý£¬ÎÒÏëËûĸÇ׿ÉÄÜÒѾ­ËµÁË¡£Ëýÿ¸ôÈýÌì¾Í¸ø°¢Í¼ÂÞдһ·âÐÅ£ºÎÒ²ÂÊǼ××´ÏÙ»úÄÜ¿º·ÜµÄÔµ¹Ê°É¡£²»¹ý£¬Á½°ÙÃÀÔª×ã¹»Ëý¸¶·¿×âÁË£¬µ«·¿×âÒ²ºÜ°º¹ó¡£Ò»ÌìÎÒÊÕµ½Ò»·â¹þÐÁÍУ¿À׿ËÄɵÄÐÅ£¬ÆäÖÐÌáµ½°¢Í¼ÂÞ´Ó²»¶ÁĸÇ×µÄÐÅ¡£Õâ¸öɵ×Ó¹ÖÈËÀ׿ËÄÉÊǹÊÒ⿪ÍæЦµÄ£¬¿ÉÄÇÊÇ×îºóµÄµ¾²Ý£¬ÎÒ¸ø°¢Í¼ÂÞдÁË·âÐÅ£¬Ö»×Ö²»ÌáÎÄѧ£¬Ö÷ÒªÄÚÈÝ̸µÄ¶¼ÊÇÇ®µÄÊ£¬»¹Óн¡¿µÒÔ¼°¼ÒÍ¥ÎÊÌâ¡£ÎҺܿì¾ÍÊÕµ½ËûµÄ»ØÐÅ£¨ÄãÓÉ×ÅÐÔ×ÓÒéÂÛ°¢Í¼ÂÞ£¬¿ÉËûÿÐűػأ©ËµÒѾ­¸øĸÇ×¼ÄÇ®¹ýÀ´ÁË£¬»¹´òËã²ÉÈ¡¸üºÃµÄ´ëÊ©£¬¸øĸÇ×Õҷݹ¤×÷£¬ÒòΪĸÇ×µÄÎÊÌâÊÇ£¬ËýÒ»Ö±¶¼Óй¤×÷£¬¾õµÃ×Ô¼ººÜÎÞÓúó»áÐÄ·³ÒâÂÒ¡£ÎÒÏë¸æËßËû°ÍÈûÂÞÄǵÄʧҵÂʺܸߣ¬ÁíÍ⣬ËûĸÇ×µÄÐÎÏóû·¨È¥¹¤×÷£¬Èç¹ûËý³öÈ¥ÕÒ¹¤×÷£¬¿ÉÄÜ»áÏÅ»µÀϰ壬ÒòΪËýÌ«ÊÝÁË£¬ÊݵüòÖ±¿ÉÅ£¬¼òÖ±¾ÍÏñ°Â˹ÍþÐÁ¼¯ÖÐÓªµÄÐÒ´æÕߣ¬µ«ÎÒûÓÐÕâÑù×ö¡£ÎÒ¾ö¶¨»¹ÊÇÈÃËûÊ¡µãÐÄ£¬Ò²ÈÃ×Ô¼ºÊ¡µãÐÄ£¬»¹ÊǸúËûÁÄÁÄÊ«¸è£ºÀ³°Â²¨¶û¶à£¿ÂêÀöÑÇ£¿ÅÁÄÚÂÞ¡¢·ÑÀï¿Ë˼£¿µÂ£¿°¢ËÕÑÇ¡¢¼ªÄ··Æ¶û¡¢Âí¶¡ÄÚ˹£¿ÈøÀïÎÌ£¬ÕâЩÊÇÎÒºÍËû¶¼Ï²»¶µÄÊ«ÈË£¬»¹Óп¨Âå˹£¿°£µÂÃɶࣿµÂ£¿°ÂÀ¡°ºóÖ÷Ò塱µÄ´´Ê¼ÈË£¬ÎÒ×î½üÔÚ¸ú´ËÈËͨÐÅ¡£

µÚ¶þ²¿»ÄÒ°Õì̽£¨31£©
Ò»ÌìÏÂÎ磬°¢Í¼ÂÞµÄĸÇ×ÉÏÎÒ¸ç¸ç¼ÒÀ´ÕÒÎÒ¡£Ëý˵¶ù×Ó¼ÄÀ´Ò»·â·Ç³£ÁîÈ˷ѽâµÄÐÅ¡£Ëý°ÑÐŽ»¸øÎÒ¿´¡£ÐÅ·âÀï×°×Å°¢Í¼ÂÞµÄÐźÍÒ»·â¶ò¹Ï¶à¶ûС˵¼Ò°Í¶û¼Ó˹£¿ÅÁ¶û¶àд¸ø¼ÓÌ©ÂÞÄáÑÇС˵¼Òºú°²£¿Âí¶ûÈûµÄ½éÉÜÐÅ¡£°¢Í¼ÂÞÔÚÐÅÖÐ˵ÐèҪĸÇ×È¥ÕÒºú°²£¿Âí¶ûÈû£¬Ëû¾ÍסÔÚÈø¸ñÀ­´ï·¨Ã
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü