Àý¾ä¡¡In¡¡the¡¡fourteenth¡¡century£»¡¡political¡¡developments¡¡cut¡¡Europe's¡¡overland¡¡trade¡¡routes£»¡¡with¡¡which¡¡Europe¡¡had¡¡important¡¡and¡¡highly¡¡profitable¡¡mercial¡¡ties¡¡since¡¡the¡¡twelfth¡¡century¡£¡¡14ÊÀ¼Í£¬ÕþÖεķ¢Õ¹ÇжÏÁËÅ·Ö޵ĽÉÏÉÌ·£¬¶øÕâÌõÉÌ·×Ô12ÊÀ¼ÍÒÔÀ´ÎªÅ·ÖÞ½¨Á¢ÁËÖØÒªµÄ¸ßÀûÈóÉÌҵŦ´ø¡£
overlie£Û£¿ouv£¿r'lai£Ýv¡£¡¡Ñ¹ÔÚ¡ÉÏÃ棻¸ÇµÃʹÖÏÏ¢
Àý¾ä¡¡In¡¡lowland¡¡country£»¡¡almost¡¡any¡¡spots¡¡on¡¡the¡¡ground¡¡might¡¡overlie¡¡what¡¡was¡¡once¡¡the¡¡bed¡¡of¡¡a¡¡river¡¡that¡¡had¡¡been¡¡buried¡¡by¡¡soil¡£¡¡Ôڵ͵عú¼Ò£¬¼¸ºõµØÉϵÄÈκÎÒ»¸öµØµãÏÂÃ涼¿ÉÄÜÔø¾ÊÇijÌõ±»ÍÁÈÀÑڸǵĺӵĺӴ²¡£
pebble£Û'pebl£Ýn¡£¡¡Ð¡Ô²Ê¯£¬¶ìÂÑʯ
Àý¾ä¡¡This¡¡example¡¡is¡¡made¡¡up¡¡of¡¡pebbles¡¡of¡¡gypsum¡¡and¡¡fragments¡¡of¡¡volcanic¡¡rock¡£¡¡Õâ¸öÑùÆ·ÊÇÓÉʯ¸àºÍ»ðɽÑÒËéƬ×é³ÉµÄ¡£
pellet£Û'pelit£Ýn¡£¡¡Ð¡ÍÅ£»Ð¡Ò©Í裻Сµ¯Íè
Àý¾ä¡¡When¡¡the¡¡ice¡¡pellets¡¡fall£»¡¡the¡¡much¡¡smaller¡¡ice¡¡crystals¡¡in¡¡the¡¡center¡¡of¡¡the¡¡cloud¡¡may¡¡be¡¡struck¡¡by¡¡them¡£¡¡µ±Ð¡±ùÍèÂäϵÄʱºò£¬ÔƲãÖмäÄÇЩ¸üСµÄ±ù¾§»òÐí»á±»ËüÃÇ»÷ÖС£
Òªµã¡¡¡letÕâ¸öºó׺±íʾ¡°Ð¡¡±£¬±ÈÈ磺booklet¡°Ð¡²á×Ó¡±£¬streamlet¡°Ð¡Ïª¡±µÈ¡£ÔÚÔĶÁÖп´µ½´øÓÐÕâ¸öºó׺µÄµ¥´Êʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔÒÔ´ËΪÒÀ¾Ý²Â²â´ÊÒå¡£
penetrate£Û'pen£¿treit£Ýv¡£¡¡´Ì´©£»Éø͸£»¶´²ì
Àý¾ä¡¡1¡£¡¡Some¡¡butterflies¡¡move¡¡into¡¡spots¡¡of¡¡sunlight¡¡that¡¡have¡¡penetrated¡¡the¡¡forest¡¡floor£»¡¡displaying¡¡their¡¡beautifully¡¡patterned¡¡wings¡¡through¡¡opening¡¡and¡¡closing¡¡in¡¡the¡¡bright¡¡spotlights¡£¡¡Ò»Ð©ºûµû·ÉÈë´©¹ýÉÁÖÖеÄÊ÷ľÕÕÉäÔÚµØÃæÉϵĹâ°ß£¬ÔÚ¹âÁÁÀïºöÉÁ×ÅչʾËüÃÇ´øÓÐͼ°¸µÄÃÀÀö³á°ò¡£
2¡£¡¡In¡¡a¡¡microwave¡¡oven£»¡¡radiation¡¡penetrates¡¡food£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡they¡¡are¡¡absorbed¡¡primarily¡¡by¡¡water¡¡molecules£»¡¡causing¡¡heat¡¡to¡¡spread¡¡through¡¡the¡¡food¡£¡¡ÔÚ΢²¨Â¯ÖУ¬·øÉ䴩͸ʳÎȻºóÖ÷Òª±»Ë®·Ö×ÓÎüÊÕ£¬ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔʹÈÈÁ¿ÔÚʳÎïÖÐÀ©É¢¡£
ͬÒå¡¡pierce£¨v¡£¡¡´Ì´©£©£»apperceive£¨v¡£¡¡¶´²ì£©
peninsula£Ûp£¿'nins£¿l£¿£Ýn¡£¡¡°ëµº
Àý¾ä¡¡The¡¡lakes¡¡on¡¡the¡¡peninsula¡¡is¡¡the¡¡habitat¡¡of¡¡various¡¡kinds¡¡of¡¡wildlife¡£¡¡Õâ¸ö°ëµºÉϵĺþÊǶàÖÖÒ°Éú¶¯ÎïµÄÆÜÏ¢µØ¡£
ͬÒå¡¡byland£¨n¡£¡¡°ëµº£©
permeable£Û'p£¿£ºrmi£¿bl£Ýa¡£¡¡¿ÉÉø͸µÄ£¬Óнþ͸ÐÔµÄ
Àý¾ä¡¡A¡¡rock¡¡is¡¡able¡¡to¡¡be¡¡neither¡¡porous¡¡nor¡¡permeable¡£¡¡ÑÒʯ¼ÈûÓÐÆø¿×£¬Ò²Ã»ÓÐÉø͸ÐÔ¡£
petrifaction£Û£¿petri'f£¿k£¿£¿n£Ýn¡£¡¡Ê¯»¯£»¾ª´ô
Àý¾ä¡¡Petrifaction¡¡may¡¡contain¡¡a¡¡simultaneous¡¡exchange¡¡of¡¡the¡¡original¡¡substance¡¡of¡¡dead¡¡plants¡¡or¡¡animals¡¡with¡¡the¡¡mineral¡¡matter¡¡of¡¡different¡¡positions¡£¡¡Ê¯»¯¿ÉÄÜ°üÀ¨ÒѾËÀÍöµÄÖ²Îï»ò¶¯ÎïÓ뺬Óв»Í¬³É·ÖµÄ¿óÎïÖÊÖ®¼äͬʱ·¢ÉúµÄÔʼÎïÖʽ»»»¡£
ͬÒå¡¡fossilization£¨n¡£¡¡Ê¯»¯£©
plain£Ûplein£Ýn¡£¡¡Æ½Ô¡¡a¡£¡¡ÇåÎúµÄ£»¼òµ¥µÄ£»ÆÓËصÄ
Àý¾ä¡¡1¡£¡¡They¡¡are¡¡probably¡¡the¡¡paths¡¡taken¡¡by¡¡huge¡¡volumes¡¡of¡¡water¡¡that¡¡draining¡¡from¡¡the¡¡southern¡¡highlands¡¡into¡¡the¡¡northern¡¡plains¡£¡¡´óÁ¿µÄË®¿ÉÄÜÕýÊǾÓÉÕâЩ·¾¶´ÓÄϲ¿¸ßµØÁ÷Èëµ½±±·½Æ½ÔµÄ¡£
2¡£¡¡In¡¡a¡¡flat¡¡plains¡¡country£»¡¡the¡¡scientist¡¡found¡¡moraines£»¡¡which¡¡reminded¡¡him¡¡of¡¡the¡¡moraines¡¡found¡¡at¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡valley¡¡glaciers¡£¡¡ÕâÃû¿Æѧ¼ÒÔÚÒ»¸öƽԹú¼Ò·¢ÏÖÁ˶Ñʯ£¬ÕâÈÃËûÏëµ½ÁËÔÚ±ù´¨¹È¾¡Í·´¦·¢ÏֵĶÑʯ¡£
3¡£¡¡Certainly£»¡¡her¡¡carelessness¡¡made¡¡a¡¡mess¡¡of¡¡this¡¡plain¡¡job¡£¡¡ËýµÄ´ÖÐÄȷʵ°ÑÕâÏî¼òµ¥µÄ¹¤×÷¸ãÔÒÁË¡£
ͬÒå¡¡grassland£¨n¡£¡¡Æ½Ô£©£»unadorned£¨a¡£¡¡ÆÓËصģ©
planet£Û'pl£¿nit£Ýn¡£¡¡ÐÐÐÇ
´îÅä¡¡frozen¡¡planet¡¡±ù¶³ÐÇÇò
Àý¾ä¡¡1¡£¡¡When¡¡speaking¡¡of¡¡a¡¡terrestrial¡¡and¡¡a¡¡Jovian¡¡planet£»¡¡the¡¡most¡¡obvious¡¡difference¡¡is¡¡their¡¡size¡£¡¡µ±Ì¸µ½ÀàµØÐÐÐǺÍÀàľÐÐÐÇʱ£¬ËüÃÇÖ®¼ä×îÃ÷ÏԵIJîÒìÊdzߴ粻ͬ¡£
2¡£¡¡On¡¡Mars£»¡¡all¡¡the¡¡water¡¡is¡¡contained¡¡in¡¡the¡¡permafrost¡¡layer£»¡¡being¡¡locked¡¡under¡¡its¡¡surface¡¡now¡£¡¡ÏÖÔÚ£¬»ðÐÇÉÏËùÓеÄË®¶¼°üº¬Ôڵرí֮ϵÄÓÀ¶³²ãÖУ¬±»ËøÔÚÆäµØ±í֮ϡ£
polar£Û'poul£¿r£Ýa¡££¨ÄÏ¡¢±±£©¼«µÄ£»´Å¼«µÄ£»½ØÈ»¶ÔÁ¢µÄ
´îÅä¡¡polar¡¡bear¡¡±±¼«ÐÜ£»polar¡¡expedition¡¡¼«µØ̽ÏÕ
Àý¾ä¡¡As¡¡the¡¡snow¡¡line£»¡¡the¡¡timberline¡¡is¡¡highest¡¡in¡¡the¡¡tropics¡¡areas¡¡and¡¡lowest¡¡in¡¡the¡¡polar¡¡regions¡£¡¡ÈçͬѩÏßÒ»Ñù£¬Ê÷´ø½çÏßÔÚÈÈ´øµØÇø×î¸ß£¬ÔÚ¼«µØµØÇø×îµÍ¡£
pollen£Û'p¨»£ºl£¿n£Ýn¡£¡¡»¨·Û
´îÅä¡¡bee¡¡pollen¡¡·ä»¨·Û
Àý¾ä¡¡Pollinators¡¡obtain¡¡food¡¡from¡¡flowering¡¡plants£»¡¡that¡¡makes¡¡the¡¡plants¡¡distribute¡¡pollen¡¡and¡¡seeds¡¡much¡¡more¡¡efficiently¡¡than¡¡just¡¡disperse¡¡them¡¡by¡¡the¡¡wind¡£¡¡´«·ÛÕß´Ó¿ª»¨Ö²ÎïÄÇÀï»ñµÃʳÎÕâʹֲÎïÄܹ»±È½ö¿¿·ç¸ü¼ÓÓÐЧµØ´«²¥»¨·ÛºÍÖÖ×Ó¡£
pond£Ûp¨»£ºnd£Ýn¡£¡¡³ØÌÁ
Àý¾ä¡¡In¡¡hilly¡¡regions£»¡¡all¡¡through¡¡a¡¡dry¡¡summer¡¡a¡¡pond¡¡maintains¡¡a¡¡steady¡¡water¡¡level£»¡¡in¡¡spite¡¡of¡¡having¡¡no¡¡streams¡¡flowing¡¡into¡¡it¡£¡¡ÔÚÇðÁêµØÇø£¬¾¡¹Ü²¢Ã»ÓÐϪˮÁ÷ÈëÆäÖУ¬³ØÌÁÔÚÕû¸ö¸ÉºÔµÄÏļ¾ÖÐÒ²Äܱ£³ÖÒ»¸öÎȶ¨µÄˮλ¡£
porous£Û'p£¿£ºr£¿s£Ýa¡£¡¡ÓÐë¿×»òÆø¿×µÄ£»ÄÜÉø͸µÄ
Àý¾ä¡¡1¡£¡¡Sedimentary¡¡rocks¡¡are¡¡porous£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡sandstones¡¡and¡¡conglomerates£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡are¡¡all¡¡potential¡¡sources¡¡of¡¡groundwater¡¡of¡¡great¡¡significance¡£¡¡ÀýÈçÉ°ÑÒºÍÀùÑҵȳÁ»ýÑÒ¶¼ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÉø͸µÄ£¬ËüÃǶ¼ÊÇÖØÒªµÄDZÔÚµØÏÂË®×ÊÔ´¡£
2¡£¡¡Some¡¡bones¡¡are¡¡not¡¡porous¡¡enough¡¡to¡¡be¡¡effectively¡¡grafted¡£¡¡ÓÐЩ¹ÇÍ·µÄÉø͸ÐÔ²»¹»Ç¿£¬Òò´ËÎÞ·¨¶ÔÆä½øÐÐÓÐЧµÄÒÆÖ²¡£
ͬÒå¡¡leachy£¨a¡£¡¡ÄÜÉø͸µÄ£©
prairie£Û'preri£Ýn¡£¡¡´ó²ÝÔ
´îÅä¡¡prairie¡¡landscape¡¡²ÝÔ¾°¹Û
Àý¾ä¡¡The¡¡Columbian¡¡white¡tailed¡¡deer£»¡¡was¡¡mon¡¡in¡¡the¡¡open¡¡prairie¡¡country¡¡in¡¡earlier¡¡times£»¡¡but¡¡now¡¡it¡¡is¡¡restricted¡¡to¡¡the¡¡low£»¡¡marshy¡¡islands¡¡and¡¡flood¡¡plains¡¡along¡¡the¡¡lower¡¡Columbia¡¡River¡£¡¡¸çÂ×±ÈÑÇ°×β¹ÔÚÔçÆÚÁÉÀ«µÄ²ÝÔ¹ú¼ÒÊ®·Ö³£¼û£¬Èç½ñËüÃǵÄÉú»îÇøÓòÈ´±»ÏÞÖÆÓڵ͵ء¢ÕÓÔóÒÔ¼°¸çÂ×±ÈÑǺÓÏÂÓεĺ鷺ƽԵØÇø¡£
precipitate£Ûpri'sipiteit£Ýv¡£¡¡´Ù³É£»½µË®£»³Áµí¡¡n¡£¡¡³ÁµíÎï
´îÅä¡¡infusible¡¡precipitate¡¡²»ÈÜÐÔ³ÁµíÎï
Àý¾ä¡¡A¡¡great¡¡deal¡¡of¡¡water¡¡was¡¡lost¡¡by¡¡evaporation£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡returned¡¡to¡¡the¡¡ocean¡¡when¡¡it¡¡was¡¡precipitated¡¡as¡¡rain¡£¡¡´óÁ¿µÄË®ÒòÕô·¢¶øÁ÷ʧ£¬×îºóÓÖÒÔ½µÓêµÄÐÎʽ»Øµ½Á˺£ÖС£
precipitation£Ûpri£¿sipi'tei£¿n£Ýn¡£¡¡½µÓêÁ¿£»³Áµí
´îÅä¡¡precipitation¡¡intensity¡¡½µÓêÇ¿¶È
Àý¾ä¡¡There¡¡are¡¡many¡¡factors¡¡that¡¡influence¡¡the¡¡succession£»¡¡such¡¡as¡¡the¡¡nature¡¡of¡¡the¡¡soil£»¡¡exposure¡¡to¡¡sun¡¡and¡¡wind£»¡¡regularity¡¡of¡¡precipitation£»¡¡chance¡¡of¡¡colonizations£»¡¡and¡¡many¡¡other¡¡random¡¡processes¡£¡¡Ðí¶àÒòËض¼»áÓ°ÏìÑÝÌ棺±ÈÈçÍÁÈÀµÄ±¾ÖÊ¡¢¹âºÍ·çµÄÓ°Ïì¡¢½µË®¹æÂÉ¡¢¶¨¾ÓµÄ»ú»á£¬ÒÔ¼°ÆäËûµÄËæ»ú¹ý³Ì¡£
predator£Û'pred£¿t£¿r£Ýn¡£¡¡²¶Ê³ÐÔ¶¯ÎʳÈ⶯ÎÂÓ¶áÕß
Àý¾ä¡¡1¡£¡¡Songbird¡¡species¡¡that¡¡are¡¡vulnerable¡¡to¡¡predators¡¡have¡¡evolved¡¡ways¡¡of¡¡reducing¡¡the¡¡dangers¡¡of¡¡being¡¡found¡¡and¡¡caught¡£¡¡ÌرðÈÝÒ×Êܵ½²¶Ê³Õß¹¥»÷µÄÃùÄñÒѾ½ø»¯³öÄܹ»½µµÍΣÏյķ½·¨£¬Ê¹ËüÃDz»»á±»ÕÒµ½²¢²¶»ñ¡£
2¡£¡¡Some¡¡birds¡¡elevate¡¡their¡¡nests¡¡in¡¡higher¡¡branches¡¡maybe¡¡in¡¡order¡¡to¡¡avoid¡¡predators¡¡that¡¡are¡¡not¡¡able¡¡to¡¡climb¡¡trees¡£¡¡Ò»Ð©Äñ°ÑÎѽ¨µ½¸ü¸ß´¦µÄÊ÷Ö¦ÉÏ£¬Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇΪÁ˶ã±ÜÄÇЩ²»»áÅÀÊ÷µÄÂÓʳÕß¡£
ͬÒå¡¡carnivore£¨n¡£¡¡Ê³È⶯Î
progression£Ûpr£¿'gre£¿n£Ýn¡£¡¡Ç°½ø£¬½ø³Ì£»Á¬Ðø
Àý¾ä¡¡Like¡¡the¡¡scientist¡¡explained¡¡in¡¡the¡¡seminar£»¡¡the¡¡fossil¡¡formations¡¡showed¡¡that¡¡evolution¡¡may¡¡be¡¡a¡¡slow¡¡progression¡£¡¡Èçͬ¿Æѧ¼ÒÔÚÑÐÌÖ»áÉϽâÊ͵ÄÄÇÑù£¬»¯Ê¯µÄÐγɱíÃ÷½ø»¯»òÐíÊÇÒ»¸ö»ºÂýµÄ¹ý³Ì¡£
ͬÒå¡¡series£¨n¡£¡¡Á¬Ðø£©
promote£Ûpr£¿'mout£Ýv¡£¡¡´Ù½ø£»ÌáÉý£»Ðû´«
Àý¾ä¡¡1¡£¡¡In¡¡this¡¡case£»¡¡sedimentation¡¡was¡¡promoted¡¡by¡¡higher¡¡temperatures¡¡and¡¡pressures£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡responsible¡¡for¡¡the¡¡formation¡¡of¡¡petroleum¡£¡¡ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖУ¬¸ßθßѹ´Ù³ÉµÄ³ÁµíÊÇʯÓÍÐγɵÄÔÒò¡£
2¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡early¡¡decades¡¡of¡¡the¡¡foundation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡United¡¡States£»¡¡the¡¡agrarian¡¡movement¡¡promoted¡¡the¡¡farmer¡¡as¡¡society's¡¡hero¡£¡¡ÔÚÃÀ¹ú½¨¹úÖ®³õµÄ¼¸Ê®Äê¼ä£¬Å©ÒµÔ˶¯°ÑÅ©ÃñÐûÑïΪÉç»áµÄÓ¢ÐÛ¡£
ͬÒå¡¡boost£»¡¡advance£¨v¡£¡¡´Ù½ø£©
Òªµã¡¡promoteͨ³£Ö¸¡°´Ù½øÉÌÒµÏúÊÛ¡±£¬¶øÔÚÍи£ÔĶÁÖУ¬promote¾³£Ó뻯ʯ»ò³ÁµíÎïÖʵÄÐγɴîÅ䣬È磺promote¡¡fossilization¡°´Ù½øʯ»¯¹ý³Ì¡±¡£
propagate£Û'pr¨»£ºp£¿geit£Ýv¡£¡¡·±Ö³£»´«²¥£»Ðû´«
Àý¾ä¡¡1¡£¡¡These¡¡plants¡¡propagate¡¡through¡¡producing¡¡spores£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡spores¡¡carry¡¡no¡¡supply¡¡of¡¡nutrients¡¡and¡¡are¡¡unprotected£»¡¡lacking¡¡an¡¡outer¡¡coating¡£¡¡ÕâЩֲÎïͨ¹ý²úÉúСÐÍæß×ÓÀ´½øÐд«²¥£¬µ«ÕâЩæß×Ó²»º¬ÓÐÈκÎÓªÑøÎïÖÊ£¬Ò²È±ÉÙÍâ²ãµÄ±£»¤¡£
2¡£¡¡Some¡¡tropical¡¡plants¡¡are¡¡able¡¡to¡¡be¡¡propagated¡¡from¡¡seeds¡¡only¡£¡¡Ò»Ð©ÈÈ´øÖ²ÎïÖ»ÄÜͨ¹ýÖÖ×ÓÀ´½øÐз±Ö³¡£
ͬÒå¡¡reproduce£¨v¡£¡¡·±Ö³£©
protective£Ûpr£¿'tektiv£Ýa¡£¡¡±£»¤µÄ£¬·À»¤µÄ
´îÅä¡¡protective¡¡price¡¡±£»¤¼Û¸ñ
Àý¾ä¡¡1¡£¡¡Protective¡¡barriers¡¡have¡¡to¡¡be¡¡built¡¡to¡¡protect¡¡seawater¡¡from¡¡flooding¡¡this¡¡area¡£¡¡±ØÐëÐÞ½¨·À»¤ÆÁÕÏÒÔ·ÀÖ¹º£Ë®ÔÚÕâÒ»µØÇø·ºÀÄ¡£
2¡£¡¡Coconuts¡¡are¡¡able¡¡to¡¡establish¡¡themselves¡¡in¡¡distant¡¡locations¡¡thus¡¡their¡¡seeds¡¡can¡¡maintain¡¡hard£»¡¡protective¡¡coats¡£¡¡Ò¬×Ó¿ÉÒÔÔÚÆ«Ô¶µÄµØ·½Éú³¤£¬ÕâÑùËüÃǵÄÖÖ×Ó¾ÍÄܱ£Áô¼áÓ²¶ø¾ßÓб£»¤×÷ÓõÄÍâ²ã¡£
quantity£Û'kw¨»£ºnt£¿ti£Ýn¡£¡¡Á¿£¬ÊýÁ¿
Àý¾ä¡¡The¡¡photo¡¡evidence¡¡suggests¡¡that¡¡liquid¡¡water¡¡ever¡¡existed¡¡on¡¡the¡¡surface¡¡of¡¡Mars¡¡in¡¡great¡¡quantity¡£¡¡ÕâЩͼÏñÖ¤¾Ý±íÃ÷£¬ÒºÌåµÄË®Ôø¾´óÁ¿´æÔÚÓÚ»ðÐDZíÃæ¡£
Ïà¹Ø¡¡quality£¨n¡£¡¡ÖÊÁ¿£©
quartz£Ûkw£¿£ºrts£Ýn¡£¡¡Ê¯Ó¢
´îÅä¡¡quartz¡¡grey¡¡Ê¯Ó¢»Ò
Àý¾ä¡¡The¡¡intense¡¡heat¡¡would¡¡impact¡¡the¡¡production¡¡of¡¡heat¡shocked¡¡quartz¡¡in¡¡many¡¡types¡¡of¡¡rock¡£¡¡Ç¿ÈÈ¿ÉÄÜ»áÓ°Ïì¶àÖÖ²»Í¬ÑÒʯÖÐÈÈÐÝ¿ËʯӢµÄ²úÉú¡£
rainfall£Û'reinf£¿£ºl£Ýn¡£¡¡½µÓꣻ½µÓêÁ¿
´îÅä¡¡rainfall¡¡season¡¡Óê¼¾
Àý¾ä¡¡Rainfall¡¡is¡¡not¡¡pletely¡¡lacking¡¡in¡¡desert¡¡areas£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡just¡¡highly¡¡changeable¡£¡¡½µË®ÔÚɳĮµØÇø²¢²»ÊÇÍêȫȱ·¦£¬Ö»ÊǷdz£¶à±ä¡£
rarity£Û'rer£¿ti£Ýn¡£¡¡º±¼û£¬Ï¡ÓУ»Ï¡±¡
Àý¾ä¡¡The¡¡difficulty¡¡of¡¡finding¡¡relationships¡¡that¡¡benefit¡¡one¡¡species¡¡without¡¡affecting¡¡the¡¡other¡¡causes¡¡the¡¡rarity¡¡of¡¡mensal¡¡relationships¡£¡¡ÓÉÓÚºÜÄÑÕÒµ½Ò»ÖÖ¹Øϵ¿ÉÒÔʹһ¸öÎïÖÖ»ñÒæµÄͬʱ²»Ó°ÏìÁíÒ»¸öÎïÖÖ£¬Òò´Ë¹²Éú¹ØϵÊÇÊ®·Öº±¼ûµÄ¡£
ͬÒå¡¡treasure£¨n¡£¡¡º±¼û£©
recharge£Û£¿ri£º'£¿¨»£ºr£¿£Ýn¡£/v¡£¡¡ÔÙ³äµç£»ÔÙ×°Ìî
´îÅä¡¡recharge¡¡batteries¡¡Îªµç³Ø³äµç
Àý¾ä¡¡1¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡desert£»¡¡most¡¡of¡¡the¡¡water¡¡is¡¡contained¡¡in¡¡shallow¡¡aquifers¡¡which¡¡can¡¡be¡¡rapidly¡¡recharged¡£¡¡É³Ä®Öд󲿷ֵÄË®°üº¬ÔÚ½ÏdzµÄº¬Ë®ÍÁ²ãÖУ¬ÕâЩº¬Ë®ÍÁ²ã¿ÉÒÔѸËٵر»ÔÙ´ÎÌîÂú¡£
2¡£¡¡The¡¡unprecedented¡¡development¡¡of¡¡a¡¡finite¡¡groundwater¡¡resource¡¡with¡¡an¡¡almost¡¡negligible¡¡natural¡¡recharge¡¡rate¡¡has¡¡caused¡¡water¡¡tables¡¡in¡¡the¡¡region¡¡to¡¡fall¡¡drastically¡£¡¡Ê·ÎÞÇ°ÀýµØ¿ª·¢ÓÐÏ޵ĵØÏÂË®×ÊÔ´°éËæ×Å΢²»×ãµÀµÄ×ÔÈ»»Ø¹àÂʵ¼ÖÂÕâ¸öµØÇøµÄµØÏÂˮλ¾çÁÒϽµ¡£
Òªµã¡¡rechargeËäÈ»¶à±íʾ¡°³äµç¡±£¬µ«ÔÚÍи£ÔĶÁÖÐÔò¾³£±íʾ¡°µØÏÂË®µÈ×ÊÔ´µÄÔÙ´¢´æ¡±£¬±ÈÈ磺the¡¡recharge¡¡rate¡¡of¡¡aquifer¡£
refill£Û£¿ri£º'fil£Ýv¡£¡¡ÔÙ×°Âú£¬ÔÙ³äÂú
Àý¾ä¡¡When¡¡the¡¡basin¡¡was¡¡refilled£»¡¡the¡¡normal¡¡marine¡¡organisms¡¡returned¡£¡¡µ±º£Åè±»ÔÙ´ÎÌîÂúµÄʱºò£¬Ò»°ãµÄº£ÑóÉúÎï¾Í»á·µ»Ø¡£
regularity£Û£¿regju'l£¿r£¿ti£Ýn¡£¡¡¹æÂÉÐÔ£¬¹æÔòÐÔ£»ÕûÆë
´îÅä¡¡regularity¡¡assumption¡¡¹æÂÉÐÔ¼Ù¶¨
Àý¾ä¡¡The¡¡stones¡¡of¡¡Roman¡¡wall¡¡were¡¡bonded¡¡together¡¡by¡¡both¡¡the¡¡regularity¡¡of¡¡the¡¡design¡¡and¡¡the¡¡peculiarly¡¡powerful¡¡Roman¡¡cement¡£¡¡ÂÞÂí³ÇǽÉϵÄʯͷ±»ÓйæÂɵÄÉè¼ÆºÍ¼«ÆäÇ¿Á¦µÄÂÞÂíË®ÄàÕ³ºÏÔÚÒ»Æð¡£
remediation£Ûri£¿mi£ºdi'ei£¿n£Ýn¡£¡¡²¹¾È£»ÕûÖΣ»ÐÞ¸´
´îÅä¡¡remediation¡¡goal¡¡ÐÞ¸´Ä¿±ê
Àý¾ä¡¡After¡¡the¡¡cultivation¡¡and¡¡harvest¡¡these¡¡years£»¡¡the¡¡site¡¡would¡¡be¡¡restored¡¡at¡¡a¡¡much¡¡lower¡¡cost¡¡than¡¡the¡¡price¡¡of¡¡excavation£»¡¡reburial£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡standard¡¡practice¡¡for¡¡the¡¡remediation¡¡of¡¡contaminated¡¡soils¡£¡¡¾¹ýÕâЩÄêµÄ¸ûÔÅÓëÊÕ»ñ£¬Õâ¸öµØ·½½«±»Öؽ¨£¬²¢ÇÒÖؽ¨µÄ¼Û¸ñµÍÓÚÍÚ¾ò¡¢ÔÙÑÚÂñ£¬ÒÔ¼°±ê×¼µÄÎÛȾÍÁÈÀÖÎÀíµÄ¼Û¸ñ¡£
renewal£Ûri'nu£º£¿l£Ýn¡£¡¡¸üУ»¸´ÐË£»²¹³ä
Àý¾ä¡¡The¡¡slowing¡¡down¡¡of¡¡water¡¡renewal¡¡results¡¡in¡¡a¡¡chain¡¡of¡¡further¡¡consequences£º¡¡it¡¡lets¡¡dissolved¡¡chemicals¡¡to¡¡bee¡¡increasingly¡¡concentrated£»¡¡and¡¡this£»¡¡in¡¡turn£»¡¡has¡¡a¡¡bad¡¡effect¡¡on¡¡all¡¡living¡¡things¡¡in¡¡the¡¡lake¡£¡¡Ë®µÄ²¹³äËٶȷŻºµ¼ÖÂÁËһϵÁеĺó¹û£ºÊ¹ÈܽâµÄ»¯Ñ§Æ·º¬Á¿±äµÃ¸üŨ£¬¶øÕâ·´¹ýÀ´Ò²»á¶ÔºþÖÐËùÓеÄÉúÎï²úÉú²»Á¼Ó°Ïì¡£
ͬÒå¡¡recovery£¨n¡£¡¡»Ö¸´£©
reptile£Û'reptail£Ýn¡£¡¡ÅÀÐж¯ÎÅÀ³æÀࣻ±°±ÉµÄÈË
Àý¾ä¡¡Many¡¡amphibians¡¡species¡¡and¡¡reptiles¡¡could¡¡change¡¡their¡¡color¡¡patterns¡¡to¡¡camouflage¡¡themselves¡£¡¡Ðí¶àÁ½Æܶ¯ÎïºÍÅÀÐж¯Îï¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¸Ä±ä×ÔÉíµÄÑÕÉ«À´Î±×°×Ô¼º¡£
reptilian£Ûrep'tili£¿n£Ýa¡£¡¡ÅÀ³æÀàµÄ£»±°ÏµÄ
´îÅä¡¡reptilian¡¡creature¡¡ÅÀÐÐÉúÎï
Àý¾ä¡¡The¡¡leatherback¡¡has¡¡an¡¡insulating¡¡layer¡¡which¡¡can¡¡be¡¡considered¡¡as¡¡the¡¡reptilian¡¡version¡¡of¡¡blubber¡£¡¡ÀâƤ¹êµÄ¾øÔµ²ã¿ÉÒÔ±»¿´×öÅÀÐж¯ÎïµÄ¾¨Ö¬¡£
resilience£Ûri'zili£¿ns£Ýn¡£¡¡µ¯Á¦£»ÊÊÓ¦ÐÔ£»£¨Ö¸ÈË£©ÀÖ¹ÛµÄÐÔÇé
´îÅä¡¡ecosystem¡¡resilience¡¡Éú̬ϵͳ¸´ÔÐÔ
Àý¾ä¡¡A¡¡plant¡¡munity's¡¡long¡term¡¡stability¡¡results¡¡from¡¡its¡¡level¡¡of¡¡resilience¡£¡¡Ö²ÎïȺÂ䳤ÆÚµÄÎȶ¨ÐÔÔ´×ÔÆäÊÊÓ¦ÐԵij̶ȡ£
resilient£Ûri'zili£¿nt£Ýa¡£¡¡Óе¯ÐԵģ»ÊÊÓ¦Á¦Ç¿µÄ
Àý¾ä¡¡They¡¡are¡¡the¡¡most¡¡resilient¡¡munities¡¡for¡¡they¡¡are¡¡changing¡¡over¡¡time¡£¡¡ÒòΪËüÃÇÒ»Ö±ÒÔÀ´×ÜÊÇÔڸı䣬ËùÒÔËüÃÇÊÇÊÊÓ¦Á¦×îÇ¿µÄȺÌå¡£
resistant£Ûri'zist£¿nt£Ýa¡£¡¡µÖ¿¹µÄ£¬Ó